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Text-to-image (T2I) models have achieved remarkable progress, yet they continue to struggle with complex prompts that require simultaneously handling multiple objects, relations, and attributes. Existing inference-time strategies, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Shantanu Jaiswal , Mihir Prabhudesai , Nikash Bhardwaj , Zheyang Qin , Amir Zadeh , Chuan Li , Katerina Fragkiadaki , Deepak Pathak

Recent progress in text-to-image (T2I) generation underscores the importance of reliable benchmarks in evaluating how accurately generated images reflect the semantics of their textual prompt. However, (1) existing benchmarks lack the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yibin Wang , Zhimin Li , Yuhang Zang , Jiazi Bu , Yujie Zhou , Yi Xin , Junjun He , Chunyu Wang , Qinglin Lu , Cheng Jin , Jiaqi Wang

Despite the significant advancements in text-to-image (T2I) generative models, users often face a trial-and-error challenge in practical scenarios. This challenge arises from the complexity and uncertainty of tedious steps such as crafting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Chengyou Jia , Changliang Xia , Zhuohang Dang , Weijia Wu , Hangwei Qian , Minnan Luo

Compositionality is a critical capability in Text-to-Image (T2I) models, as it reflects their ability to understand and combine multiple concepts from text descriptions. Existing evaluations of compositional capability rely heavily on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Xindi Wu , Dingli Yu , Yangsibo Huang , Olga Russakovsky , Sanjeev Arora

Text-to-image (T2I) models have significantly advanced in producing high-quality images. However, such models have the ability to generate images containing not-safe-for-work (NSFW) content, such as pornography, violence, political content,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Longtian Wang , Xiaofei Xie , Tianlin Li , Yuhan Zhi , Chao Shen

Text-to-image (T2I) models, while offering immense creative potential, are highly reliant on human intervention, posing significant usability challenges that often necessitate manual, iterative prompt engineering over often underspecified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Xingchen Wan , Han Zhou , Ruoxi Sun , Hootan Nakhost , Ke Jiang , Rajarishi Sinha , Sercan Ö. Arık

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models such as SDXL and FLUX have achieved impressive photorealism, yet small-scale distortions remain pervasive in limbs, face, text and so on. Existing refinement approaches either perform costly iterative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Shaocheng Shen , Jianfeng Liang , Chunlei Cai , Cong Geng , Huiyu Duan , Xiaoyun Zhang , Qiang Hu , Guangtao Zhai

While text-to-image (T2I) generative models have become ubiquitous, they do not necessarily generate images that align with a given prompt. While previous work has evaluated T2I alignment by proposing metrics, benchmarks, and templates for…

Recent text-to-image (T2I) models have made remarkable progress in generating visually realistic and semantically coherent images. However, they still suffer from randomness and inconsistency with the given prompts, particularly when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Kaishen Wang , Ruibo Chen , Tong Zheng , Heng Huang

Impressive advances in text-to-image (T2I) generative models have yielded a plethora of high performing models which are able to generate aesthetically appealing, photorealistic images. Despite the progress, these models still struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Oscar Mañas , Pietro Astolfi , Melissa Hall , Candace Ross , Jack Urbanek , Adina Williams , Aishwarya Agrawal , Adriana Romero-Soriano , Michal Drozdzal

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) generation have achieved impressive results, yet existing models often struggle with simple or underspecified prompts, leading to suboptimal image-text alignment, aesthetics, and quality. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Ruibo Chen , Jiacheng Pan , Heng Huang , Zhenheng Yang

Text-to-image (T2I) personalization allows users to guide the creative image generation process by combining their own visual concepts in natural language prompts. Recently, encoder-based techniques have emerged as a new effective approach…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Moab Arar , Rinon Gal , Yuval Atzmon , Gal Chechik , Daniel Cohen-Or , Ariel Shamir , Amit H. Bermano

Uncertainty quantification in text-to-image (T2I) generative models is crucial for understanding model behavior and improving output reliability. In this paper, we are the first to quantify and evaluate the uncertainty of T2I models with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Gianni Franchi , Dat Nguyen Trong , Nacim Belkhir , Guoxuan Xia , Andrea Pilzer

Text-to-image (T2I) models today are capable of producing photorealistic, instruction-following images, yet they still frequently fail on prompts that require implicit world knowledge. Existing evaluation protocols either emphasize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Tianyang Han , Junhao Su , Junjie Hu , Peizhen Yang , Hengyu Shi , Junfeng Luo , Jialin Gao

While recent text-to-image (T2I) models show impressive capabilities in synthesizing images from brief descriptions, their performance significantly degrades when confronted with long, detail-intensive prompts required in professional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Qirui Jiao , Daoyuan Chen , Yilun Huang , Xika Lin , Ying Shen , Yaliang Li

Text-to-image (T2I) generative models have revolutionized content creation by transforming textual descriptions into high-quality images. However, these models are vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks, where carefully crafted prompts bypass…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Yingkai Dong , Xiangtao Meng , Ning Yu , Zheng Li , Shanqing Guo

Following the initial excitement, Text-to-Image (TTI) models are now being examined more critically. While much of the discourse has focused on biases and stereotypes embedded in large-scale training datasets, the sociotechnical dynamics of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Maria-Teresa De Rosa Palmini , Eva Cetinic

In recent years, text-to-image (T2I) generation models have made significant progress in generating high-quality images that align with text descriptions. However, these models also face the risk of unsafe generation, potentially producing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Huming Qiu , Guanxu Chen , Mi Zhang , Xiaohan Zhang , Xiaoyu You , Min Yang

Text-to-image synthesis (T2I) aims to generate photo-realistic images which are semantically consistent with the text descriptions. Existing methods are usually built upon conditional generative adversarial networks (GANs) and initialize an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Kai Hu , Wentong Liao , Michael Ying Yang , Bodo Rosenhahn

With the advancement of neural generative capabilities, the art community has increasingly embraced GenAI (Generative Artificial Intelligence), particularly large text-to-image models, for producing aesthetically compelling results.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Aven-Le Zhou , Wei Wu , Yu-Ao Wang , Kang Zhang