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The expansion rate of the Universe changes with time, initially slowing (decelerating) when the universe was matter dominated, because of the mutual gravitational attraction of all the matter in it, and more recently speeding up…
The galaxy power spectrum contains information on the growth of structure, the growth rate through redshift space distortions, and the cosmic expansion through baryon acoustic oscillation features. We study the ability of two proposed…
Measuring the evolution in the clustering of galaxies over a large redshift range is a challenging problem. For a two-dimensional galaxy catalog, however, we can measure the galaxy-galaxy angular correlation function which provides…
The accurate determination of the galaxy cluster mass-observable relations is one of the major challenge of modern astrophysics and cosmology. We present a new statistical methodology to constrain the evolution of the mass-observable…
After a polemical introduction about the proper activity of an astrophysicist facing a dominant theoretical model and many Tb of highly informative data, I review a few recent results on the properties of galaxies in the nearby (redshift…
Observations of distant supernovae indicate that the Universe is now in a phase of accelerated expansion the physical cause of which is a mystery. Formally, this requires the inclusion of a term acting as a negative pressure in the…
The evolution of the X-ray emitting gas mass fraction ($f_{gas}$) in massive galaxy clusters can be used as an independent cosmological tool to probe the expansion history of the Universe. Its use, however, depends upon a crucial quantity,…
We present cosmological constraints from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) using a combined analysis of angular clustering of red galaxies and their cross-correlation with weak gravitational lensing of background galaxies. We use a 139 square…
Comparing galaxies across redshifts at fixed cumulative number density is a popular way to estimate the evolution of specific galaxy populations. This method ignores scatter in mass accretion histories and galaxy-galaxy mergers, which can…
The advent of large data-set in cosmology has meant that in the past 10 or 20 years our knowledge and understanding of the Universe has changed not only quantitatively but also, and most importantly, qualitatively. Cosmologists rely on data…
We use gravitational lenses from the Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey (CLASS) to constrain the evolution of galaxies since redshift $z \sim 1$ in the current $\LCDM$ cosmology. This constraint is unique as it is based on a mass-selected lens…
For most of its history, cosmology was a qualitatively constrained discourse on the universe, shaped by limited observational access and the absence of global dynamical laws. This situation has changed decisively in recent decades. Modern…
We show that recently documented trends in galaxy sizes with mass and redshift can be understood in terms of the influence of underlying cosmic evolution; a holistic view which is complimentary to interpretations involving the accumulation…
These are advanced lecture notes covering recent developments in the methodology used to analyse galaxy surveys. The focus is particularly on direct measurements of the galaxy power spectrum although I also discuss its Fourier transform,…
We investigate the cosmological dependence and the constraining power of large-scale galaxy correlations, including all redshift-distortions, wide-angle, lensing and gravitational potential effects on linear scales. We analyze the…
The abundances of groups and clusters of galaxies are expected to have changed substantially since high redshift, with the strength of this evolution dependent upon fundamental cosmological parameters. Upcoming large redshift surveys of…
Cosmic growth of large scale structure probes the entire history of cosmic expansion and gravitational coupling. To get a clear picture of the effects of modification of gravity we consider a deviation in the coupling strength (effective…
Exclusion zones in the cross-correlations between critical points (peak-void, peak-wall, filament-wall, filament-void) of the density field define quasi-standard rulers that can be used to constrain dark matter and dark energy cosmological…
We review recent developments and results in testing general relativity (GR) at cosmological scales. The subject has witnessed rapid growth during the last two decades with the aim of addressing the question of cosmic acceleration and the…
Magnification bias, an observational effect of gravitational lensing in the weak regime, allows testing the cosmological model through angular correlations of sources at different redshifts. This effect has been observed in various…