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With the rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs), multi-round workflows, such as autonomous agents and iterative retrieval, have become increasingly prevalent. However, this raises hurdles for serving LLMs under prefill-decode (PD)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Wenhao He , Youhe Jiang , Penghao Zhao , Quanqing Xu , Eiko Yoneki , Bin Cui , Fangcheng Fu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated substantial capabilities in conversational AI applications, yet their susceptibility to dialogue breakdowns poses significant challenges to deployment reliability and user trust. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Abdellah Ghassel , Xianzhi Li , Xiaodan Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly transformed the landscape of artificial intelligence, enabling natural language interfaces and dynamic orchestration of software components. However, their reliance on probabilistic inference limits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Claudionor Coelho , Yanen Li , Philip Tee

Large Language Models (LLMs) often excel in specific domains but fall short in others due to the limitations of their training. Thus, enabling LLMs to solve problems collaboratively by integrating their complementary knowledge promises to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Ziyao Wang , Muneeza Azmat , Ang Li , Raya Horesh , Mikhail Yurochkin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks by understanding input information and predicting corresponding outputs. However, the internal mechanisms by which LLMs comprehend input and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Zhou Yang , Zhengyu Qi , Zhaochun Ren , Zhikai Jia , Haizhou Sun , Xiaofei Zhu , Xiangwen Liao

Speech understanding is essential for interpreting the diverse forms of information embedded in spoken language, including linguistic, paralinguistic, and non-linguistic cues that are vital for effective human-computer interaction. The…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Jing Peng , Yucheng Wang , Bohan Li , Yiwei Guo , Hankun Wang , Yangui Fang , Yu Xi , Haoyu Li , Xu Li , Ke Zhang , Shuai Wang , Kai Yu

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive reasoning capabilities across vision-language tasks, yet still face the challenge of compute-difficulty mismatch. Through empirical analyses, we identify that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Huijie Guo , Jingyao Wang , Lingyu Si , Jiahuan Zhou , Changwen Zheng , Wenwen Qiang

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on text-only data that go far beyond the languages with paired speech and text data. At the same time, Dual Encoder (DE) based retrieval systems project queries and documents into the same embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Frank Palma Gomez , Ramon Sanabria , Yun-hsuan Sung , Daniel Cer , Siddharth Dalmia , Gustavo Hernandez Abrego

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress across domains and applications but face challenges such as high fine-tuning costs, inference latency, limited edge deployability, and reliability concerns. Small language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Fali Wang , Jihai Chen , Shuhua Yang , Ali Al-Lawati , Linli Tang , Hui Liu , Suhang Wang

Although large language models (LLMs) are increasingly capable, these capabilities are unevenly distributed: they excel at formal linguistic tasks, such as producing fluent, grammatical text, but struggle more with functional linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Michael Hanna , Yonatan Belinkov , Sandro Pezzelle

This paper introduces a novel, multi-source framework for the relational validation of Large Language Models (LLMs). While existing benchmarks have demonstrated LLMs' proficiency at factual recall, their ability to understand and reproduce…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Moses Boudourides

The remarkable performance of large language models (LLMs) in content generation, coding, and common-sense reasoning has spurred widespread integration into many facets of society. However, integration of LLMs raises valid questions on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Ola Shorinwa , Zhiting Mei , Justin Lidard , Allen Z. Ren , Anirudha Majumdar

Code cloning, the duplication of code fragments, is common in software development. While some reuse aids productivity, excessive cloning hurts maintainability and introduces bugs. Hence, automatic code clone detection is vital. Meanwhile,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Shihan Dou , Junjie Shan , Haoxiang Jia , Wenhao Deng , Zhiheng Xi , Wei He , Yueming Wu , Tao Gui , Yang Liu , Xuanjing Huang

Accurate classification of autonomous vehicle (AV) driving behaviors is critical for safety validation, performance diagnosis, and traffic integration analysis. However, existing approaches primarily rely on numerical time-series modeling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xiangyu Li , Tianyi Wang , Xi Cheng , Rakesh Chowdary Machineni , Zhaomiao Guo , Sikai Chen , Junfeng Jiao , Christian Claudel

This survey paper delves into the emerging and critical area of symbolic knowledge distillation in Large Language Models (LLMs). As LLMs like Generative Pre-trained Transformer-3 (GPT-3) and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Kamal Acharya , Alvaro Velasquez , Houbing Herbert Song

Conventional research on large language models (LLMs) has primarily focused on refining output distributions, while paying less attention to the decoding process that transforms these distributions into final responses. Recent advances,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chenheng Zhang , Tianqi Du , Jizhe Zhang , Mingqing Xiao , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang , Zhouchen Lin

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has significantly transformed the digital information landscape, making it increasingly challenging to distinguish between human-written and LLM-generated content. Detecting LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Minjia Mao , Dongjun Wei , Xiao Fang , Michael Chau

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate confident yet inaccurate responses, introducing significant risks for deployment in safety-critical domains. We present a novel, test-time approach to detecting model hallucination through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hazel Kim , Tom A. Lamb , Adel Bibi , Philip Torr , Yarin Gal

Detecting anomalies or out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is critical for maintaining the reliability and trustworthiness of machine learning systems. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their effectiveness not only in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Ruiyao Xu , Kaize Ding

Although large language models (LLMs) have recently become effective tools for language-conditioned control in embodied systems, instability, slow convergence, and hallucinated actions continue to limit their direct application to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Momina Liaqat Ali , Muhammad Abid , Muhammad Saqlain , Jose M. Merigo