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Text embedding has become a foundational technology in natural language processing (NLP) during the deep learning era, driving advancements across a wide array of downstream tasks. While many natural language understanding challenges can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhijie Nie , Zhangchi Feng , Mingxin Li , Cunwang Zhang , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Richong Zhang

Managing extensive context remains a critical bottleneck for Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in applications like long-document question answering and autonomous agents where lengthy inputs incur high computational costs and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yiqing Zhou , Yu Lei , Shuzheng Si , Qingyan Sun , Wei Wang , Yifei Wu , Hao Wen , Gang Chen , Fanchao Qi , Maosong Sun

Decoder-only LLM-based embedding models are beginning to outperform BERT or T5-based embedding models in general-purpose text embedding tasks, including dense vector-based retrieval. In this work, we introduce NV-Embed, incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Chankyu Lee , Rajarshi Roy , Mengyao Xu , Jonathan Raiman , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro , Wei Ping

Contextual word representations derived from pre-trained bidirectional language models (biLMs) have recently been shown to provide significant improvements to the state of the art for a wide range of NLP tasks. However, many questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Matthew E. Peters , Mark Neumann , Luke Zettlemoyer , Wen-tau Yih

Incorporating external context can significantly enhance the response quality of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, real-world contexts often mix relevant information with disproportionate inappropriate content, posing reliability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Rushi Wang , Jiateng Liu , Cheng Qian , Yifan Shen , Yanzhou Pan , Zhaozhuo Xu , Ahmed Abbasi , Heng Ji , Denghui Zhang

Practical guidance on training Large Language Models (LLMs) to leverage Code Interpreter across diverse tasks remains lacking. We present R1-Code-Interpreter, an extension of a text-only LLM trained via multi-turn supervised fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yongchao Chen , Yueying Liu , Junwei Zhou , Yilun Hao , Jingquan Wang , Yang Zhang , Na Li , Chuchu Fan

The development and progress in sensor, communication and computing technologies have led to data rich environments. In such environments, data can easily be acquired not only from the monitored entities but also from the surroundings where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Rashmi Dutta Baruah , Mario Muñoz Organero

Language Models are the underpin of all modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. The introduction of the Transformers architecture has contributed significantly into making Language Modeling very effective across many NLP task,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Nikolaos Stylianou , Ioannis Vlahavas

Contextualized entity representations learned by state-of-the-art transformer-based language models (TLMs) like BERT, GPT, T5, etc., leverage the attention mechanism to learn the data context from training data corpus. However, these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Keyur Faldu , Amit Sheth , Prashant Kikani , Hemang Akbari

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new potential for automating documentation-to-code traceability, yet their capabilities remain underexplored. We present a comprehensive evaluation of LLMs (Claude 3.5 Sonnet, GPT-4o, and o3-mini) in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Ebube Alor , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Emad Shihab

Recommender systems are essential for guiding users through the vast and diverse landscape of digital content by delivering personalized and relevant suggestions. However, improving both personalization and interpretability remains a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Danial Ebrat , Tina Aminian , Sepideh Ahmadian , Luis Rueda

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Code-LLMs (CLLMs) have significantly improved code generation, but, they frequently face difficulties when dealing with challenging and complex problems. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Iman Saberi , Fatemeh Fard

Although syntactic information is beneficial for many NLP tasks, combining it with contextual information between words to solve the coreference resolution problem needs to be further explored. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end parser…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Yuan Meng , Xuhao Pan , Jun Chang , Yue Wang

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4o and Claude Sonnet 4.5 have demonstrated strong capabilities in open-ended reasoning and generative language tasks, leading to their widespread adoption across a broad range of NLP applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Alberto Andres Valdes Gonzalez

The current state-of-the-art task-oriented semantic parsing models use BERT or RoBERTa as pretrained encoders; these models have huge memory footprints. This poses a challenge to their deployment for voice assistants such as Amazon Alexa…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Prafull Prakash , Saurabh Kumar Shashidhar , Wenlong Zhao , Subendhu Rongali , Haidar Khan , Michael Kayser

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the field of automated code generation. LLMs rely on large and diverse datasets to learn syntax, semantics, and usage patterns of programming languages. For low-resource…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Alessandro Giagnorio , Alberto Martin-Lopez , Gabriele Bavota

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly adopted in the software engineering domain, yet the robustness of their grasp on core software design concepts remains unclear. We conduct an empirical study to systematically evaluate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mootez Saad , Boqi Chen , José Antonio Hernández López , Dániel Varró , Tushar Sharma

Recently embedding-based retrieval or dense retrieval have shown state of the art results, compared with traditional sparse or bag-of-words based approaches. This paper introduces a model-agnostic doc-level embedding framework through large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Mingrui Wu , Sheng Cao

Large language models (LLMs) enhanced with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) have introduced a new paradigm for web search. However, the limited context awareness of LLMs degrades their performance on RAG tasks. Existing methods to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Tao Tan , Yining Qian , Ang Lv , Hongzhan Lin , Songhao Wu , Yongbo Wang , Feng Wang , Jingtong Wu , Xin Lu , Rui Yan

The automatic detection of temporal relations among events has been mainly investigated with encoder-only models such as RoBERTa. Large Language Models (LLM) have recently shown promising performance in temporal reasoning tasks such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Gabriel Roccabruna , Massimo Rizzoli , Giuseppe Riccardi
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