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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is increasingly deployed in enterprise search and document-centric assistants, where responses must be grounded in long and complex source materials. In practice, verifying that generated answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xunzhuo Liu , Bowei He , Xue Liu , Haichen Zhang , Huamin Chen

Long-horizon workflow agents that operate effectively over extended periods are essential for truly autonomous systems. Their reliable execution critically depends on the ability to reason through ambiguous situations in which clarification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 George Pu , Michael S. Lee , Udari Madhushani Sehwag , David J. Lee , Bryan Zhu , Yash Maurya , Mohit Raghavendra , Yuan Xue , Samuel Marc Denton

Modern database systems allow users to query or process unstructured text or document columns using LLM-powered functions. Users can express an operation in natural language (e.g., "identify if this review mentions billing issues"), with…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Shreya Shankar , Sepanta Zeighami , Aditya Parameswaran

Addressing the challenge of effectively processing long contexts has become a critical issue for Large Language Models (LLMs). Two common strategies have emerged: 1) reducing the input length, such as retrieving relevant chunks by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Yusen Zhang , Ruoxi Sun , Yanfei Chen , Tomas Pfister , Rui Zhang , Sercan Ö. Arik

Complex question-answering (QA) systems face significant challenges in retrieving and reasoning over information that addresses multi-faceted queries. While large language models (LLMs) have advanced the reasoning capabilities of these…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-25 V Venktesh , Mandeep Rathee , Avishek Anand

Despite recent advances in large language models (LLMs), most QA benchmarks are still confined to single-paragraph or single-document settings, failing to capture the complexity of real-world information-seeking tasks. Practical QA often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Jiwon Park , Seohyun Pyeon , Jinwoo Kim , Rina Carines Cabal , Yihao Ding , Soyeon Caren Han

Question answering (QA) plays a central role in financial education, yet existing large language model (LLM) approaches often fail to capture the nuanced and specialized reasoning required for financial problem-solving. The financial domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Andy Zhu , Yingjun Du

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently demonstrated the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the knowledge-intensive tasks such as Question-Answering (QA). RAG expands the query context by incorporating external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zijian Hei , Weiling Liu , Wenjie Ou , Juyi Qiao , Junming Jiao , Guowen Song , Ting Tian , Yi Lin

Domain-specific QA systems require not just generative fluency but high factual accuracy grounded in structured expert knowledge. While recent Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) frameworks improve context recall, they struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 David Osei Opoku , Ming Sheng , Yong Zhang

Question Answering (QA) systems provide easy access to the vast amount of knowledge without having to know the underlying complex structure of the knowledge. The research community has provided ad hoc solutions to the key QA tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Somayeh Asadifar , Mohsen Kahani , Saeedeh Shekarpour

While scaling the length of responses at test-time has been shown to markedly improve the reasoning abilities and performance of large language models (LLMs), it often results in verbose outputs and increases inference cost. Prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chengyu Huang , Zhengxin Zhang , Claire Cardie

Existing approaches for open-domain question answering (QA) are typically designed for questions that require either single-hop or multi-hop reasoning, which make strong assumptions of the complexity of questions to be answered. Also,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Ping Nie , Yuyu Zhang , Arun Ramamurthy , Le Song

As enterprises increasingly integrate cloud-based large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Gemini into their legal document workflows, protecting sensitive contractual information - including Personally Identifiable Information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ajeet Kumar Singh , Rajsabi Surya , Anurag Tripathi , Santanu Choudhury , Sudhir Bisane

With the rapid and continuous increase in academic publications, identifying high-quality research has become an increasingly pressing challenge. While recent methods leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for automated paper evaluation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Wuqiang Zheng , Yiyan Xu , Xinyu Lin , Chongming Gao , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng

Question answering based on retrieval augmented generation (RAG-QA) is an important research topic in NLP and has a wide range of real-world applications. However, most existing datasets for this task are either constructed using a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Rujun Han , Yuhao Zhang , Peng Qi , Yumo Xu , Jenyuan Wang , Lan Liu , William Yang Wang , Bonan Min , Vittorio Castelli

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling long texts and have almost perfect performance in traditional retrieval tasks. However, their performance significantly degrades when it comes to numerical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Yijiong Yu

Question answering is one of the primary challenges of natural language understanding. In realizing such a system, providing complex long answers to questions is a challenging task as opposed to factoid answering as the former needs context…

Large language models (LLMs) process entire input contexts indiscriminately, which is inefficient when the information required to answer a query is localized within the context. We present dynamic context cutoff, a novel method enabling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Roy Xie , Junlin Wang , Paul Rosu , Chunyuan Deng , Bolun Sun , Zihao Lin , Bhuwan Dhingra

Hallucination is a well-known phenomenon in text generated by large language models (LLMs). The existence of hallucinatory responses is found in almost all application scenarios e.g., summarization, question-answering (QA) etc. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Mobashir Sadat , Zhengyu Zhou , Lukas Lange , Jun Araki , Arsalan Gundroo , Bingqing Wang , Rakesh R Menon , Md Rizwan Parvez , Zhe Feng

The proliferation of fake news across diverse domains highlights critical limitations in current detection systems, which often exhibit narrow domain specificity and poor generalization. Existing cross-domain approaches face two key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Esma Aïmeur , Gilles Brassard , Dorsaf Sallami