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Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), particularly Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), has advanced LLM reasoning. However, GRPO suffers from three credit assignment failures: uniform token-level granularity that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Song Yu , Li Li , Wenwen Zhao , Zhisheng Yang

While large-scale video diffusion models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in generating high-resolution and semantically rich content, a significant gap remains between their pretraining performance and real-world deployment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zeyue Xue , Siming Fu , Jie Huang , Shuai Lu , Haoran Li , Yijun Liu , Yuming Li , Xiaoxuan He , Mengzhao Chen , Haoyang Huang , Nan Duan , Ping Luo

Unified models capable of interleaved generation have emerged as a promising paradigm, with the community increasingly converging on autoregressive modeling for text and flow matching for image generation. To advance this direction, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jie Liu , Zilyu Ye , Linxiao Yuan , Shenhan Zhu , Yu Gao , Jie Wu , Kunchang Li , Xionghui Wang , Xiaonan Nie , Weilin Huang , Wanli Ouyang

While most prior work in video generation relies on bidirectional architectures, recent efforts have sought to adapt these models into autoregressive variants to support near real-time generation. However, such adaptations often depend…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jingran Zhang , Ning Li , Yuanhao Ban , Andrew Bai , Justin Cui

Recent Progress in post-training flow matching for text-to-image (T2I) generation with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has demonstrated strong potential. However, it is hindered by a critical limitation: inaccurate advantage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yifu Luo , Haoyuan Sun , Xinhao Hu , Penghui Du , Keyu Fan , Bo Li , Sinan Du , Xu Wan , Zhiyu Chen , Bo Xia , Tiantian Zhang , Yongzhe Chang , Changqian Yu , Kun Gai , Xueqian Wang

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) performs coarse-grained credit assignment in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) by assigning the same advantage to all tokens in a rollout. Process reward models can provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xinzhu Chen , Wei He , Huichuan Fan , Wenzhe Niu , Zhongxiang Sun , Xuanru Wang , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He , Weijie Yu

Post training via GRPO has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in improving the generation quality of flow-matching models. However, GRPO suffers from inherently low sample efficiency due to its on-policy training paradigm. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Liyu Zhang , Kehan Li , Tingrui Han , Tao Zhao , Yuxuan Sheng , Shibo He , Chao Li

Face retouching requires removing subtle imperfections while preserving unique facial identity features, in order to enhance overall aesthetic appeal. However, existing methods suffer from a fundamental trade-off. Supervised learning on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiachen Yang , Xianhui Lin , Yi Dong , Zebiao Zheng , Xing Liu , Hong Gu , Yanmei Fang

Current RLHF methods such as PPO and DPO typically reduce human preferences to binary labels, which are costly to obtain and too coarse to reflect individual variation. We observe that expressions of satisfaction and dissatisfaction follow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 YuXuan Zhang

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has proven to be an effective tool for post-training language models (LMs). However, AI systems are increasingly expressed as modular programs that mix together multiple LM calls with distinct…

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has recently emerged as a practical recipe for aligning large language models with verifiable objectives. However, under sparse terminal rewards, GRPO often stalls because rollouts within a group…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Baohao Liao , Hanze Dong , Xinxing Xu , Christof Monz , Jiang Bian

In this note, we examine the aggregation of preferences achieved by the Group Policy Optimisation (GRPO) algorithm, a reinforcement learning method used to train advanced artificial intelligence models such as DeepSeek-R1-Zero and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Milan Vojnovic , Se-Young Yun

Self-supervised reinforcement learning (RL) presents a promising approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) without reliance on expensive human-annotated data. However, we find that existing methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Bizhe Bai , Hongming Wu , Peng Ye , Tao Chen

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has proven highly effective in enhancing the alignment capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, current adaptations of GRPO for the flow matching-based image generation neglect a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yawen Shao , Jie Xiao , Kai Zhu , Yu Liu , Wei Zhai , Yang Cao , Zheng-Jun Zha

Recent advancements in generative models have ignited substantial interest in dynamic 3D content creation (\ie, 4D generation). Existing approaches primarily rely on Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) to infer novel-view videos, typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Hanxin Zhu , Tianyu He , Xiqian Yu , Junliang Guo , Zhibo Chen , Jiang Bian

To achieve real-time interactive video generation, current methods distill pretrained bidirectional video diffusion models into few-step autoregressive (AR) models, facing an architectural gap when full attention is replaced by causal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hongzhou Zhu , Min Zhao , Guande He , Hang Su , Chongxuan Li , Jun Zhu

We consider a smoothed online convex optimization (SOCO) problem with predictions, where the learner has access to a finite lookahead window of time-varying stage costs, but suffers a switching cost for changing its actions at each stage.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-16 Spandan Senapati , Ashwin Shenai , Ketan Rajawat

Multi-subject personalized image generation aims to synthesize customized images containing multiple specified subjects without requiring test-time optimization. However, achieving fine-grained independent control over multiple subjects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Qiaoqiao Jin , Siming Fu , Dong She , Weinan Jia , Hualiang Wang , Mu Liu , Jidong Jiang

Existing post-training techniques are broadly categorized into supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning (RL) methods; the former is stable during training but suffers from limited generalization, while the latter, despite its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Daoan Zhang , Guangchen Lan , Dong-Jun Han , Wenlin Yao , Xiaoman Pan , Hongming Zhang , Mingxiao Li , Pengcheng Chen , Yu Dong , Christopher Brinton , Jiebo Luo

While originally developed for continuous control problems, Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) has emerged as the work-horse of a variety of reinforcement learning (RL) applications, including the fine-tuning of generative models.…