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One of the primary driving forces contributing to the superior performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is the extensive availability of human-annotated natural language data, which is used for alignment fine-tuning. This inspired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Fangzhi Xu , Qiushi Sun , Kanzhi Cheng , Jun Liu , Yu Qiao , Zhiyong Wu

The mainstream paradigm of speech emotion recognition (SER) is identifying the single emotion label of the entire utterance. This line of works neglect the emotion dynamics at fine temporal granularity and mostly fail to leverage linguistic…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Siyuan Shen , Yu Gao , Feng Liu , Hanyang Wang , Aimin Zhou

Affective computing seeks to support the holistic development of artificial intelligence by enabling machines to engage with human emotion. Recent foundation models, particularly large language models (LLMs), have been trained and evaluated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Sree Bhattacharyya , Evgenii Kuriabov , Lucas Craig , Tharun Dilliraj , Reginald B. Adams, , Jia Li , James Z. Wang

Humans convey emotions through daily dialogues, making emotion understanding a crucial step of affective intelligence. To understand emotions in dialogues, machines are asked to recognize the emotion for an utterance (Emotion Recognition in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Jiangnan Li , Zheng Lin , Lanrui Wang , Qingyi Si , Yanan Cao , Mo Yu , Peng Fu , Weiping Wang , Jie Zhou

Emotion Support Conversation (ESC) is a crucial application, which aims to reduce human stress, offer emotional guidance, and ultimately enhance human mental and physical well-being. With the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Haiquan Zhao , Lingyu Li , Shisong Chen , Shuqi Kong , Jiaan Wang , Kexin Huang , Tianle Gu , Yixu Wang , Wang Jian , Dandan Liang , Zhixu Li , Yan Teng , Yanghua Xiao , Yingchun Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior abilities in tasks such as chatting, reasoning, and question-answering. However, standard LLMs may ignore crucial paralinguistic information, such as sentiment, emotion, and speaking…

Emotional intelligence in large language models (LLMs) is of great importance in Natural Language Processing. However, the previous research mainly focus on basic sentiment analysis tasks, such as emotion recognition, which is not enough to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Yuyan Chen , Hao Wang , Songzhou Yan , Sijia Liu , Yueze Li , Yi Zhao , Yanghua Xiao

Transformer models have significantly advanced the field of emotion recognition. However, there are still open challenges when exploring open-ended queries for Large Language Models (LLMs). Although current models offer good results,…

Detecting emotions directly from a speech signal plays an important role in effective human-computer interactions. Existing speech emotion recognition models require massive computational and storage resources, making them hard to implement…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-08 Arya Aftab , Alireza Morsali , Shahrokh Ghaemmaghami , Benoit Champagne

There are a variety of features of the human voice that can be classified as pitch, timbre, loudness, and vocal tone. It is observed in numerous incidents that human expresses their feelings using different vocal qualities when they are…

Emotion classification is a challenging task in NLP due to the inherent idiosyncratic and subjective nature of linguistic expression, especially with code-mixed data. Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have achieved high performance for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Kushal Tatariya , Heather Lent , Johannes Bjerva , Miryam de Lhoneux

Ambiguity is pervasive in real-world questions, yet large language models (LLMs) often respond with confident answers rather than seeking clarification. In this work, we show that question ambiguity is linearly encoded in the internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zhuoxuan Zhang , Jinhao Duan , Edward Kim , Kaidi Xu

Large Language Models primarily operate through text-based inputs and outputs, yet human emotion is communicated through both verbal and non-verbal cues, including facial expressions. While Vision-Language Models analyze facial expressions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Vaibhav Mehra , Guy Laban , Hatice Gunes

Although large language models (LLMs) have recently become effective tools for language-conditioned control in embodied systems, instability, slow convergence, and hallucinated actions continue to limit their direct application to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Momina Liaqat Ali , Muhammad Abid , Muhammad Saqlain , Jose M. Merigo

Emotion cognition in large language models (LLMs) is crucial for enhancing performance across various applications, such as social media, human-computer interaction, and mental health assessment. We explore the current landscape of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Yuyan Chen , Yanghua Xiao

Artificial Neural Networks, the building blocks of AI, were inspired by the human brain's network of neurons. Over the years, these networks have evolved to replicate the complex capabilities of the brain, allowing them to handle tasks such…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-11 Sanaz Saki Norouzi , Mohammad Masjedi , Pascal Hitzler

The advent of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has attracted considerable attention in various domains due to their remarkable performance and versatility. As the use of these models continues to grow, the importance of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Jill Baumann , Oliver Kramer

Multimodal emotion analysis is shifting from static classification to generative reasoning. Beyond simple label prediction, robust affective reasoning must synthesize fine-grained signals such as facial micro-expressions and prosodic which…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhixian Zhao , Wenjie Tian , Lei Xie

In NLP, text language models based on words or subwords are known to outperform their character-based counterparts. Yet, in the speech community, the standard input of spoken LMs are 20ms or 40ms-long discrete units (shorter than a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Robin Algayres , Yossi Adi , Tu Anh Nguyen , Jade Copet , Gabriel Synnaeve , Benoit Sagot , Emmanuel Dupoux

Simulation is an invaluable tool for developing and evaluating controllers for self-driving cars. Current simulation frameworks are driven by highly-specialist domain specific languages, and so a natural language interface would greatly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone , Alex Lascarides , Craig Innes