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Learning representations unaffected by superficial characteristics is important to ensure that shifts in these characteristics at test time do not compromise downstream prediction performance. For instance, in healthcare applications, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Minghui Sun , Benjamin A. Goldstein , Matthew M. Engelhard

Creative and communicative work is often underpinned by implicit structures, such as the Hero's Journey in storytelling, design patterns in software, or chord progressions in music. People often learn these structures from examples - a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Sitong Wang , Samia Menon , Dingzeyu Li , Xiaojuan Ma , Richard Zemel , Lydia B. Chilton

Language is an interface to the outside world. In order for embodied agents to use it, language must be grounded in other, sensorimotor modalities. While there is an extended literature studying how machines can learn grounded language, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Tristan Karch , Laetitia Teodorescu , Katja Hofmann , Clément Moulin-Frier , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Systematic compositionality is an essential mechanism in human language, allowing the recombination of known parts to create novel expressions. However, existing neural models have been shown to lack this basic ability in learning symbolic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Yichen Jiang , Mohit Bansal

Symbolic perturbations offer a novel approach for influencing neural representations without requiring direct modification of model parameters. The recursive regeneration of symbolic structures introduces structured variations in latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Kathlyn Eaglewood , Tobias Featherington , Dorian Mayfair , Sylvester Grimshaw , James Pettigrew

When trained on language data, do transformers learn some arbitrary computation that utilizes the full capacity of the architecture or do they learn a simpler, tree-like computation, hypothesized to underlie compositional meaning systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Shikhar Murty , Pratyusha Sharma , Jacob Andreas , Christopher D. Manning

Real-world artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly required to operate autonomously in dynamic, uncertain, and continuously changing environments. However, most existing AI models rely on predefined objectives, static training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hong Su

We propose a novel approach to logic-based learning which generates assumption-based argumentation (ABA) frameworks from positive and negative examples, using a given background knowledge. These ABA frameworks can be mapped onto logic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Maurizio Proietti , Francesca Toni

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and task generalization. However, their application to structured data analysis remains fragile due to inconsistencies in schema…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Amit Rath

Learning structured representations of visual scenes is currently a major bottleneck to bridging perception with reasoning. While there has been exciting progress with slot-based models, which learn to segment scenes into sets of objects,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-26 James C. R. Whittington , Rishabh Kabra , Loic Matthey , Christopher P. Burgess , Alexander Lerchner

OpenAI's o3-preview reasoning model exceeded human accuracy on the ARC-AGI-1 benchmark, but does that mean state-of-the-art models recognize and reason with the abstractions the benchmark was designed to test? Here we investigate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Claas Beger , Ryan Yi , Shuhao Fu , Kaleda Denton , Arseny Moskvichev , Sarah W. Tsai , Sivasankaran Rajamanickam , Melanie Mitchell

Symbolic models or abstractions are known to be powerful tools for the control design of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) with logic specifications. In this paper, we investigate a novel learning-based approach to the construction of symbolic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-04 Kazumune Hashimoto , Adnane Saoud , Masako Kishida , Toshimitsu Ushio , Dimos Dimarogonas

Both humans and large language models are able to learn language without explicit structural supervision. What inductive biases make this learning possible? We address this fundamental cognitive question by leveraging transformer language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Isabel Papadimitriou , Dan Jurafsky

Associative thinking--the ability to connect seemingly unrelated ideas--is a foundational element of human creativity and problem-solving. This paper explores whether reinforcement learning (RL) guided by associative thinking principles can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mukul Singh , Ananya Singha , Aishni Parab , Pronita Mehrotra , Sumit Gulwani

Adversarial training (AT) is a regularization method that can be used to improve the robustness of neural network methods by adding small perturbations in the training data. We show how to use AT for the tasks of entity recognition and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Giannis Bekoulis , Johannes Deleu , Thomas Demeester , Chris Develder

In a previous paper, we have proposed a set of concepts, axiom schemata and algorithms that can be used by agents to learn to describe their behaviour, goals, capabilities, and environment. The current paper proposes a new set of concepts,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Luis Botelho , Luis Nunes , Ricardo Ribeiro , Rui J. Lopes

Abstractive summarization has been studied using neural sequence transduction methods with datasets of large, paired document-summary examples. However, such datasets are rare and the models trained from them do not generalize to other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Eric Chu , Peter J. Liu

Neural-symbolic approaches to machine learning incorporate the advantages from both connectionist and symbolic methods. Typically, these models employ a first module based on a neural architecture to extract features from complex data.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Jaime de Miguel-Rodriguez , Fernando Sancho-Caparrini

Abstractive neural summarization models have seen great improvements in recent years, as shown by ROUGE scores of the generated summaries. But despite these improved metrics, there is limited understanding of the strategies different models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Matt Wilber , William Timkey , Marten Van Schijndel

Drawing from the resources of psychoanalysis and critical media studies, in this paper we develop an analysis of Large Language Models (LLMs) as automated subjects. We argue the intentional fictional projection of subjectivity onto LLMs can…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Liam Magee , Vanicka Arora , Luke Munn