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In this paper, a novel approach to define the optimal bidding of renewable-only virtual power plants (RVPPs) in the day-ahead, secondary reserve, and intra-day markets is proposed. To this aim, a robust optimization algorithm is developed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-20 Hadi Nemati , Pedro Sánchez-Martín , Álvaro Ortega , Lukas Sigrist , Enrique Lobato , Luis Rouco

With the ongoing transition of electricity markets worldwide from hourly to intra-hourly bidding, market participants--especially Renewable Energy Sources (RES)--gain improved opportunities to adjust energy and reserve schedules and to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-17 Hadi Nemati , Álvaro Ortega , Enrique Lobato , Luis Rouco

The rapid deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs) is one of the essential efforts to mitigate global climate change. However, a vast number of small-scale DERs are difficult to manage individually, motivating the introduction of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-26 Tao Tan , Rui Xie , Meng Yang , Yue Chen

In the transition toward a sustainable power system, renewable-based Virtual Power Plants (RVPPs) have emerged as a promising solution to the challenges of integrating renewable energy sources into electricity markets. Their viability,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-15 Hadi Nemati , Álvaro Ortega , Pedro Sánchez-Martín , Lukas Sigrist , Luis Rouco , Ignacio Egido

Virtual power plant (VPP) provides a flexible solution to distributed energy resources integration by aggregating renewable generation units, conventional power plants, energy storages, and flexible demands. This paper proposes a novel…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-04 Yunfan Zhang , Feng Liu , Zhaojian Wang , Yifan Su , Weisheng Wang , Shuanglei Feng

We develop a mathematical framework for the optimal scheduling of flexible water desalination plants (WDPs) as hybrid generator-load resources. WDPs integrate thermal generation, membrane-based controllable loads, and renewable energy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Ahmed S. Alahmed , Audun Botterud , Saurabh Amin , Ali T. Al-Awami

Renewable sources are taking center stage in electricity generation. However, matching supply with demand in a renewable-rich system is a difficult task due to the intermittent nature of renewable resources (wind, solar, etc.). As a result,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-02 Haris Mansoor , Naveed Arshad

This paper presents a dynamic pricing and energy management framework for electric vehicle (EV) charging service providers. To set the charging prices, the service providers faces three uncertainties: the volatility of wholesale electricity…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-01-10 Chao Luo , Yih-Fang Huang , Vijay Gupta

Within the context of renewable energy communities, this paper focuses on optimal operation of producers equipped with energy storage systems in the presence of demand response. A novel strategy for optimal scheduling of the storage systems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-11 Gianni Bianchini , Marco Casini , Milad Gholami

This paper introduces a deep reinforcement learning (RL) framework for optimizing the operations of power plants pairing renewable energy with storage. The objective is to maximize revenue from energy markets while minimizing storage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Lucien Werner , Peeyush Kumar

The penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE) in electrical systems has changed the way the expansion planning is treated. This kind of resource has great variability in small amounts of time, which makes it important to represent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-02 Alessandro Soares , Ricardo Perez , Fernanda Thome

The integration of renewable generation poses operational and economic challenges for the electricity grid. For the core problem of power balance, the legacy paradigm of tailoring supply to follow random demand may be inappropriate under…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-09-25 Ashutosh Nayyar , Matias Negrete-Pincetic , Kameshwar Poolla , Pravin Varaiya

As the penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) increases, harnessing their flexibility becomes critical for power system operations. Virtual power plants (VPPs) offer a promising solution. However, most existing scheduling tools…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Lorenzo Zapparoli , Paul Fäth , Blazhe Gjorgiev , Giovanni Sansavini

We investigate the problem of allocating energy from renewable sources to flexible consumers in electricity markets. We assume there is a renewable energy supplier that provides energy according to a time-varying (and possibly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-06-25 Michael J. Neely , Arash Saber Tehrani , Alexandros G. Dimakis

In pursuit of carbon neutrality, many countries have adopted renewable portfolio standards to facilitate the integration of renewable energy. However, increasing penetration of renewable energy resources will also pose higher requirements…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-27 Wenli Wu , Ye Guo , Jiantao Shi

This paper proposes a novel single-level robust mathematical approach to model the RES-only Virtual Power Plant (RVPP) bidding problem in the simultaneous Day Ahead Market (DAM) and Secondary Reserve Market (SRM). The worst-case profit of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-06 Hadi Nemati , Pedro Sánchez-Martín , Ana Baringo , Álvaro Ortega

This paper proposes a novel reserve-minimizing and allocation strategy for virtual power plants (VPPs) to deliver optimal frequency support. The proposed strategy enables VPPs, acting as aggregators for inverter-based resources (IBRs), to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-11 Xiang Zhu , Guangchun Ruan , Hua Geng

This work proposes an uncertainty-informed bid adjustment framework for integrating variable renewable energy sources (VRES) into electricity markets. This framework adopts a bilevel model to compute the optimal VRES day-ahead bids. It aims…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-08 Dongwei Zhao , Vladimir Dvorkin , Stefanos Delikaraoglou , Alberto J. Lamadrid L. , Audun Botterud

To achieve ambitious greenhouse gas emission reduction targets in time, the planning of future energy systems needs to accommodate societal preferences, e.g. low levels of acceptance for transmission expansion or onshore wind turbines, and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-10-30 Fabian Neumann , Tom Brown

In this work, we study the optimization problem of a renewable resource in finite time. The resource is assumed to evolve according to a logistic stochastic differential equation. The manager may harvest partially the resource at any time…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-12 Thomas Lim , Idris Kharroubi , Vathana Ly-Vath
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