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This paper presents a method for estimating significant wave height (Hs) from sparse S_pectral P_oint using a T_ransformer-based approach (SPT). Based on empirical observations that only a minority of spectral points with strong power…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-09 Yi Zhou , Li Wang , Hang Su , Tian Wang

The stepped-frequency (SF) waveform is an effective way to achieve high range resolution (HRR) in modern radars. In this paper, we determine some fundamental limits of SF waveforms on ambiguity, stability and accuracy of stable targets…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Yimin Liu , Xiqin Wang , Tianyao Huang

We propose an original technique for the HF radar estimation of the main sea state parameters by exploiting the amplitude modulation of the radar signal time series. While the classical method for ocean wave measurement is based on the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Verónica Morales-Márquez , Dylan Dumas , Charles-Antoine Guérin

The upper few meters of the ocean play a key role in air-sea exchanges of momentum and energy. Two important properties of this layer are the vertical shear of current velocity and the surface velocity. Vertical shear reflects momentum…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 G. Hasson , S. Støle-Hentschel , T. Vrećica , V. Shrira , Y. Toledo

Real-time estimation of ocean wave heights using high-frequency (HF) radar has attracted great attention. This method offers the benefit of easy maintenance by virtue of its ground-based installation. However, it is adversely affected by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-20 Kaede Watanabe , Toshiaki Yachimura , Tsubasa Terada , Hiroshi Kameda , Ryuhei Takahashi , Hiroshi Suito

In many radar scenarios, the radar target or the medium is assumed to possess randomly varying parts. The properties of a target are described by a random process known as the spreading function. Its second order statistics under the WSSUS…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-19 Götz E. Pfander , Pavel Zheltov

In a heterogeneous medium, the wavefield can be decomposed as an infinite series known as the Born expansion. Each term of the Born expansion corresponds to a scattering order, it is thus theoretically possible to discriminate single and…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-08-23 Cécile Brütt , Alexandre Aubry , Benoît Gérardin , Arnaud Derode , Claire Prada

Significant wave height (SWH) is a vital metric in marine science, and accurate SWH estimation is crucial for various applications, e.g., marine energy development, fishery, early warning systems for potential risks, etc. Traditional SWH…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Zhe Li , Ronghui Xu , Jilin Hu , Zhong Peng , Xi Lu , Chenjuan Guo , Bin Yang

Significant wave height is one of the most important parameters characterizing ocean waves, and accurate numerical ocean wave forecasting is crucial for coastal protection and shipping. However, due to the randomness and nonlinearity of the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-12-01 Wei Zhang , Yu Sun , Yapeng Wu , Junyu Dong , Xiaojiang Song , Zhiyi Gao , Renbo Pang , Boyu Guoan

This paper provides an analysis of radio wave scattering for frequencies ranging from the microwave to the Terahertz band (e.g., 1 GHz - 1 THz), by studying the scattering power reradiated from various types of materials with different…

In many radar scenarios, the radar target or the medium is assumed to possess randomly varying parts. The properties of a target are described by a random process known as the spreading function. Its second order statistics under the WSSUS…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-11-18 Onur Oktay , Götz Pfander , Pavel Zheltov

Wave scattering from rough surfaces in addition the inverse scattering is an interesting approach to obtain the surface topography properties in various fields. Analytical expression in wave scattering from some known rough surfaces, not…

Optics · Physics 2013-01-15 M. Zamani , M. Salami , S. M. Fazeli , G. R. Jafari

Sea surface height (SSH) is a key geophysical parameter for monitoring and studying meso-scale surface ocean dynamics. For several decades, the mapping of SSH products at regional and global scales has relied on nadir satellite altimeters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Quentin Febvre , Clément Ubelmann , Julien Le Sommer , Ronan Fablet

Spatial and temporal delays in a wireless multi-antenna system, paired with an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform, can be utilized to estimate the Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Time of Arrival (ToA) of scatterers in the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-25 Chandrashekhar Rai , Debarati Sen

The long standing problem on finding the height correlation function is studied by the inverse scattering problem. We propose a new method in the frame work of Kirchhoff theory which we call "path derivation of scattered wave (PDSW)" in…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-12 M. Zamani , S. M. Fazeli , M. Salami , S. Vasheghani Farahani , G. R. Jafari

Accurate estimation of building heights is essential for urban planning, infrastructure management, and environmental analysis. In this study, we propose a supervised Multimodal Building Height Regression Network (MBHR-Net) for estimating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Ritu Yadav , Andrea Nascetti , Yifang Ban

Radar-based materials detection received significant attention in recent years for its potential inclusion in consumer and industrial applications like object recognition for grasping and manufacturing quality assurance and control. Several…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-11 Rami N. Khushaba , Andrew J. Hill

The sea surface height (SSH) field measured by Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission's wide-swath altimeter is analyzed with a focus on submesoscale features. Along-track wavenumber spectra of SSH variance are estimated for the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Xihan Zhang , Jörn Callies

Satellite-based remote sensing missions have revolutionized our understanding of the Ocean state and dynamics. Among them, space-borne altimetry provides valuable Sea Surface Height (SSH) measurements, used to estimate surface geostrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Theo Archambault , Arthur Filoche , Anastase Charantonis , Dominique Bereziat , Sylvie Thiria

We study the second harmonic generation (SHG) in a suspension of small spherical particles confined within a slab, assuming undepleted pump and applying (i) single scattering approximation and (ii) diffusion approximation. In the case (i),…

Optics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. V. Makeev , S. E. Skipetrov
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