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Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems have assisted users on many tasks, including ticket booking and service inquiries. While existing TOD systems have shown promising performance in serving customer needs, these systems mostly assume that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Zhiqiang Hu , Roy Kaa-Wei Lee , Nancy F. Chen

Task-Oriented Dialogue (TOD) systems assist users in completing tasks through natural language interactions, often relying on a single-layered workflow structure for slot-filling in public tasks, such as hotel bookings. However, in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Lingbo Mo , Shun Jiang , Akash Maharaj , Bernard Hishamunda , Yunyao Li

Recent years have seen an increasing trend in the volume of personal media captured by users, thanks to the advent of smartphones and smart glasses, resulting in large media collections. Despite conversation being an intuitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Seungwhan Moon , Satwik Kottur , Alborz Geramifard , Babak Damavandi

Task-oriented dialogue systems (TODS) are continuing to rise in popularity as various industries find ways to effectively harness their capabilities, saving both time and money. However, even state-of-the-art TODS are not yet reaching their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Ryan Fellows , Hisham Ihshaish , Steve Battle , Ciaran Haines , Peter Mayhew , J. Ignacio Deza

Despite widespread interests in reinforcement-learning for task-oriented dialogue systems, several obstacles can frustrate research and development progress. First, reinforcement learners typically require interaction with the environment,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Xiujun Li , Zachary C. Lipton , Bhuwan Dhingra , Lihong Li , Jianfeng Gao , Yun-Nung Chen

Research on (multi-domain) task-oriented dialog (TOD) has predominantly focused on the English language, primarily due to the shortage of robust TOD datasets in other languages, preventing the systematic investigation of cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Chia-Chien Hung , Anne Lauscher , Ivan Vulić , Simone Paolo Ponzetto , Goran Glavaš

Pre-trained conversation models (PCMs) have achieved promising progress in recent years. However, existing PCMs for Task-oriented dialog (TOD) are insufficient for capturing the sequential nature of the TOD-related tasks, as well as for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Lucen Zhong , Hengtong Lu , Caixia Yuan , Xiaojie Wang , Jiashen Sun , Ke Zeng , Guanglu Wan

This paper explores SynTOD, a new synthetic data generation approach for developing end-to-end Task-Oriented Dialogue (TOD) Systems capable of handling complex tasks such as intent classification, slot filling, conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Chris Samarinas , Pracha Promthaw , Atharva Nijasure , Hansi Zeng , Julian Killingback , Hamed Zamani

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems have been widely deployed in many industries as they deliver more efficient customer support. These systems are typically constructed for a single domain or language and do not generalise well beyond…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Nikita Moghe , Evgeniia Razumovskaia , Liane Guillou , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen , Alexandra Birch

Existing pipelined task-oriented dialogue systems usually have difficulties adapting to unseen domains, whereas end-to-end systems are plagued by large-scale knowledge bases in practice. In this paper, we introduce a novel query-driven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Xin Tian , Yingzhan Lin , Mengfei Song , Siqi Bao , Fan Wang , Huang He , Shuqi Sun , Hua Wu

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems function as digital assistants, guiding users through various tasks such as booking flights or finding restaurants. Existing toolkits for building TOD systems often fall short of in delivering…

A major bottleneck for building statistical spoken dialogue systems for new domains and applications is the need for large amounts of training data. To address this problem, we adopt the multi-dimensional approach to dialogue management and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Simon Keizer , Norbert Braunschweiler , Svetlana Stoyanchev , Rama Doddipatla

Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in open-domain dialogues. However, current methods exhibit suboptimal performance in service dialogues, as they rely on noisy, low-quality human conversation data. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yuqin Dai , Ning Gao , Wei Zhang , Jie Wang , Zichen Luo , Jinpeng Wang , Yujie Wang , Ruiyuan Wu , Chaozheng Wang

Creating high-quality annotated data for task-oriented dialog (ToD) is known to be notoriously difficult, and the challenges are amplified when the goal is to create equitable, culturally adapted, and large-scale ToD datasets for multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Songbo Hu , Han Zhou , Mete Hergul , Milan Gritta , Guchun Zhang , Ignacio Iacobacci , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen

Large language models (LLMs) can reshape information processing by handling data analysis, visualization, and interpretation in an interactive, context-aware dialogue with users, including voice interaction, while maintaining high…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mohammad Nour Al Awad , Sergey Ivanov , Olga Tikhonova , Ivan Khodnenko

Dialogue policy optimisation via reinforcement learning requires a large number of training interactions, which makes learning with real users time consuming and expensive. Many set-ups therefore rely on a user simulator instead of humans.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Hsien-chin Lin , Nurul Lubis , Songbo Hu , Carel van Niekerk , Christian Geishauser , Michael Heck , Shutong Feng , Milica Gašić

User Simulators are one of the major tools that enable offline training of task-oriented dialogue systems. For this task the Agenda-Based User Simulator (ABUS) is often used. The ABUS is based on hand-crafted rules and its output is in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Florian Kreyssig , Inigo Casanueva , Pawel Budzianowski , Milica Gasic

Recently, the development of large language models (LLMs) has been significantly enhanced the question answering and dialogue generation, and makes them become increasingly popular in current practical scenarios. While unlike the general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Zhiyuan Hu , Yue Feng , Yang Deng , Zekun Li , See-Kiong Ng , Anh Tuan Luu , Bryan Hooi

Large language models (LLMs) have been used for diverse tasks in natural language processing (NLP), yet remain under-explored for task-oriented dialogue systems (TODS), especially for end-to-end TODS. We present InstructTODS, a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Willy Chung , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Bryan Wilie , Holy Lovenia , Pascale Fung

The emergence of instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) has advanced the field of dialogue systems, enabling both realistic user simulations and robust multi-turn conversational agents. However, existing research often evaluates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Chalamalasetti Kranti , Sherzod Hakimov , David Schlangen