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Effectively handling the co-occurrence of non-IID data and long-tailed distributions remains a critical challenge in federated learning. While fine-tuning vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP has shown to be promising in addressing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Shihao Hou , Xinyi Shang , Shreyank N Gowda , Yang Lu , Chao Wu , Yan Yan , Hanzi Wang

Real world data often exhibits a long-tailed and open-ended (with unseen classes) distribution. A practical recognition system must balance between majority (head) and minority (tail) classes, generalize across the distribution, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Ziwei Liu , Zhongqi Miao , Xiaohang Zhan , Jiayun Wang , Boqing Gong , Stella X. Yu

Enabling low precision implementations of deep learning models, without considerable performance degradation, is necessary in resource and latency constrained settings. Moreover, exploiting the differences in sensitivity to quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Ignacio Hounie , Juan Elenter , Alejandro Ribeiro

Object detection has been widely explored for class-balanced datasets such as COCO. However, real-world scenarios introduce the challenge of long-tailed distributions, where numerous categories contain only a few instances. This inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Satyam Gaba

Data collected from the real world typically exhibit long-tailed distributions, where frequent classes contain abundant data while rare ones have only a limited number of samples. While existing supervised learning approaches have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Ci-Siang Lin , Min-Hung Chen , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Anomaly detection (AD) aims to identify defective images and localize their defects (if any). Ideally, AD models should be able to detect defects over many image classes; without relying on hard-coded class names that can be uninformative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Chih-Hui Ho , Kuan-Chuan Peng , Nuno Vasconcelos

Beyond class frequency, we recognize the impact of class-wise relationships among various class-specific predictions and the imbalance in label masks on long-tailed segmentation learning. To address these challenges, we propose an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Khoi Do , Duong Nguyen , Nguyen H. Tran , Viet Dung Nguyen

In class incremental learning (CIL) a model must learn new classes in a sequential manner without forgetting old ones. However, conventional CIL methods consider a balanced distribution for each new task, which ignores the prevalence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Xialei Liu , Yu-Song Hu , Xu-Sheng Cao , Andrew D. Bagdanov , Ke Li , Ming-Ming Cheng

Imbalanced music genre classification is a crucial task in the Music Information Retrieval (MIR) field for identifying the long-tail, data-poor genre based on the related music audio segments, which is very prevalent in real-world…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Xiaokai Liu , Menghua Zhang

Data in the real world tends to exhibit a long-tailed label distribution, which poses great challenges for the training of neural networks in visual recognition. Existing methods tackle this problem mainly from the perspective of data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Yan Zhao , Weicong Chen , Xu Tan , Kai Huang , Jihong Zhu

Long-tailed classification is challenging due to its heavy imbalance in class probabilities. While existing methods often focus on overall accuracy or accuracy for tail classes, they overlook a critical aspect: certain types of errors can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Bolian Li , Ruqi Zhang

Latent Variable Models (LVMs) are a large family of machine learning models providing a principled and effective way to extract underlying patterns, structure and knowledge from observed data. Due to the dramatic growth of volume and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-24 Pengtao Xie , Yuntian Deng , Eric Xing

Recognising detailed facial or clothing attributes in images of people is a challenging task for computer vision, especially when the training data are both in very large scale and extremely imbalanced among different attribute classes. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-11 Qi Dong , Shaogang Gong , Xiatian Zhu

Automatic radiology report generation has attracted enormous research interest due to its practical value in reducing the workload of radiologists. However, simultaneously establishing global correspondences between the image (e.g., Chest…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Yaowei Li , Bang Yang , Xuxin Cheng , Zhihong Zhu , Hongxiang Li , Yuexian Zou

Denoising diffusion models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in image restoration by modeling the process as sequential denoising steps. However, most approaches assume independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Niki Nezakati , Arnab Ghosh , Amit Roy-Chowdhury , Vishwanath Saragadam

Long-tailed semi-supervised learning poses a significant challenge in training models with limited labeled data exhibiting a long-tailed label distribution. Current state-of-the-art LTSSL approaches heavily rely on high-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zi-Hao Zhou , Siyuan Fang , Zi-Jing Zhou , Tong Wei , Yuanyu Wan , Min-Ling Zhang

The distribution of data in the world (eg, internet, etc.) significantly differs from the well-curated datasets and is often over-populated with samples from common categories. The algorithms designed for well-curated datasets perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Harsh Rangwani

In real-world scenarios, the number of training samples across classes usually subjects to a long-tailed distribution. The conventionally trained network may achieve unexpected inferior performance on the rare class compared to the frequent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yuxiang Bao , Guoliang Kang , Linlin Yang , Xiaoyue Duan , Bo Zhao , Baochang Zhang

Although deep learning-based methods have achieved excellent performance on SAR ATR, the fact that it is difficult to acquire and label a lot of SAR images makes these methods, which originally performed well, perform weakly. This may be…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-23 Chenwei Wang , Siyi Luo , Jifang Pei , Yulin Huang , Yin Zhang , Jianyu Yang

Large occlusions result in a significant decline in image classification accuracy. During inference, diverse types of unseen occlusions introduce out-of-distribution data to the classification model, leading to accuracy dropping as low as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Ketan Kotwal , Tanay Deshmukh , Preeti Gopal