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We describe and compare two types of microwave sky simulations which are good for small angular scales. The first type uses expansions in spherical harmonics, and the second one is based on plane waves and the Fast Fourier Transform. The…
The computational complexity and efficiency of the approximate mode component synthesis (ACMS) method is investigated for the two-dimensional heterogeneous Helmholtz equations, aiming at the simulation of large but finite-size photonic…
Cryo Focused Ion-Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (cryo FIB-SEM) enables three-dimensional and nanoscale imaging of biological specimens via a slice and view mechanism. The FIB-SEM experiments are, however, limited by a slow (typically,…
Small-Angle Scattering (SAS) investigates structures in samples that generally range from approximately 0.5 nm to a few 100 nm. This can both be done for isotropic samples such as blends and liquids, as well as anisotropic samples such as…
Despite decades of research, the ultimate goal of nanotechnology--top-down manipulation of individual atoms--has been directly achieved with only one technique: scanning probe microscopy. In this Review, we demonstrate that scanning…
By placing a diffractive element in front of an image sensor, we are able to multiplex the spectral and angular information of a scene onto the image sensor. Reconstruction of the angular-spectral distribution is attained by first…
Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) frequency bands provide an opportunity for much wider channel bandwidth compared with the traditional sub-6 GHz band. Communication at mm-Waves is, however, quite challenging due to the severe propagation path…
Particle-based shape modeling (PSM) is a popular approach to automatically quantify shape variability in populations of anatomies. The PSM family of methods employs optimization to automatically populate a dense set of corresponding…
Composite function minimization captures a wide spectrum of applications in both computer vision and machine learning. It includes bound constrained optimization and cardinality regularized optimization as special cases. This paper proposes…
Sparse Blind Source Separation (sparse BSS) is a key method to analyze multichannel data in fields ranging from medical imaging to astrophysics. However, since it relies on seeking the solution of a non-convex penalized matrix factorization…
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms perform visual-inertial estimation via filtering or batch optimization methods. Empirical evidence suggests that filtering algorithms are computationally faster, while optimization…
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in all ecosystems, affecting wildlife and, ultimately, human health. The complexity of natural samples plus the unspecificity of their treatments to isolate polymers renders the characterization of…
Resolution smearing is a critical challenge in the quantitative analysis of two-dimensional small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data, particularly in studies of soft matter flow and deformation using SANS. We present the central moment…
Recently it has been shown that precise dose control and an increase in the overall acquisition speed of atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) images can be achieved by acquiring only a small fraction of the…
End-to-end optimization, which simultaneously optimizes optics and algorithms, has emerged as a powerful data-driven method for computational imaging system design. This method achieves joint optimization through backpropagation by…
Context. Most popular algorithms in use to remove the effects of a telescope's point spread function (PSF) in radio astronomy are variants of the CLEAN algorithm. Most of these algorithms model the sky brightness using the delta-function…
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is of great interest in life science studies for visualizing subcellular structures at the nanometer scale. Among various kinds of super-resolution approaches, image scanning microscopy (ISM) offers…
The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has demonstrated strong performance in image segmentation of natural scene images. However, its effectiveness diminishes markedly when applied to specific scientific domains, such as Scanning Probe…
When adapting Simultaneous Mapping and Localization (SLAM) to real-world applications, such as autonomous vehicles, drones, and augmented reality devices, its memory footprint and computing cost are the two main factors limiting the…
The propagation of high-energy electrons in crystals is in general a complicated multiple scattering problem. However, along high-symmetry zone axes the problem can be mapped to the time evolution of a two-dimensional (2D) molecular system.…