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Traffic forecasting requires modeling complex temporal dynamics and long-range spatial dependencies over large sensor networks. Existing methods typically face a trade-off between expressiveness and efficiency: Transformer-based models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Xinjin Li , Jinghan Cao , Mengyue Wang , Yue Wu , Longxiang Yan , Yeyang Zhou , Ziqi Sha , Yu Ma

Pretrained Foundation Models (PFMs) are regarded as the foundation for various downstream tasks with different data modalities. A PFM (e.g., BERT, ChatGPT, and GPT-4) is trained on large-scale data which provides a reasonable parameter…

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, LLaMA, GLM, and PaLM, have exhibited remarkable performances across various tasks in recent years. However, LLMs face two main challenges in real-world applications. One challenge is that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Tao Fan , Yan Kang , Guoqiang Ma , Weijing Chen , Wenbin Wei , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

While model architectures and training strategies have become more generic and flexible with respect to different data modalities over the past years, a persistent limitation lies in the assumption of fixed quantities and arrangements of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Lisa Weijler , Florian Kowarsch , Michael Reiter , Pedro Hermosilla , Margarita Maurer-Granofszky , Michael Dworzak

Machine fault diagnosis (FD) is a critical task for predictive maintenance, enabling early fault detection and preventing unexpected failures. Despite its importance, existing FD models are operation-specific with limited generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Emadeldeen Eldele , Mohamed Ragab , Xu Qing , Edward , Zhenghua Chen , Min Wu , Xiaoli Li , Jay Lee

In healthcare tabular predictions, classical models with feature engineering often outperform neural approaches. Recent advances in Large Language Models enable the integration of domain knowledge into feature engineering, offering a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zizheng Zhang , Yiming Li , Justin Xu , Jinyu Wang , Rui Wang , Lei Song , Jiang Bian , David W Eyre , Jingjing Fu

In medical contexts, the imbalanced data distribution in long-tailed datasets, due to scarce labels for rare diseases, greatly impairs the diagnostic accuracy of deep learning models. Recent multimodal text-image supervised foundation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Sirui Li , Li Lin , Yijin Huang , Pujin Cheng , Xiaoying Tang

Structural knowledge graph foundation models aim to generalize reasoning to completely new graphs with unseen entities and relations. A key limitation of existing approaches like Ultra is their reliance on a single relational transformation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Ling Xin , Mojtaba Nayyeri , Zahra Makki Nayeri , Steffen Staab

Foundation models, particularly those that incorporate Transformer architectures, have demonstrated exceptional performance in domains such as natural language processing and image processing. Adapting these models to structured data, like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Tassilo Klein , Clemens Biehl , Margarida Costa , Andre Sres , Jonas Kolk , Johannes Hoffart

The recent surge of large language models (LLMs) highlights their ability to perform in-context learning, i.e., "learning" to perform a task from a few demonstrations in the context without any parameter updates. However, their capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Tianle Cai , Kaixuan Huang , Jason D. Lee , Mengdi Wang

Graph-structured data underpins many critical applications. While foundation models have transformed language and vision via large-scale pretraining and lightweight adaptation, extending this paradigm to general, real-world graphs is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Maya Bechler-Speicher , Yoel Gottlieb , Andrey Isakov , David Abensur , Ami Tavory , Daniel Haimovich , Ido Guy , Udi Weinsberg

Tabular data is one of the most ubiquitous sources of information worldwide, spanning a wide variety of domains. This inherent heterogeneity has slowed the development of Tabular Foundation Models (TFMs) capable of fast generalization to…

Foundation models have transformed language, vision, and time series data analysis, yet progress on dynamic predictions for physical systems remains limited. Given the complexity of physical constraints, two challenges stand out. $(i)$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Haoran Li , Chenhan Xiao , Lihao Mai , Yang Weng , Erik Blasch

Recently, while large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive results, they still suffer from hallucination, i.e., the generation of false information. Model editing is the task of fixing factual mistakes in LLMs; yet, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Taolin Zhang , Qizhou Chen , Dongyang Li , Chengyu Wang , Xiaofeng He , Longtao Huang , Hui Xue , Jun Huang

Foundation Models (FMs) are models trained on large corpora of data that, at very large scale, can generalize to new tasks without any task-specific finetuning. As these models continue to grow in size, innovations continue to push the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Avanika Narayan , Ines Chami , Laurel Orr , Simran Arora , Christopher Ré

Attention mechanisms, primarily designed to capture pairwise correlations between words, have become the backbone of machine learning, expanding beyond natural language processing into other domains. This growth in adaptation comes at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Sheng-Chun Kao , Suvinay Subramanian , Gaurav Agrawal , Amir Yazdanbakhsh , Tushar Krishna

Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) provides spatially-resolved gene expression, offering crucial insights into tissue architecture and complex diseases. However, its prohibitive cost limits widespread adoption, leading to significant attention on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Taejin Jeong , Joohyeok Kim , Jinyeong Kim , Chanyoung Kim , Seong Jae Hwang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being applied in a wide array of settings, well beyond the typical language-oriented use cases. In particular, LLMs are increasingly used as a plug-and-play method for fitting data and generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Hejia Liu , Mochen Yang , Gediminas Adomavicius

Foundation models (FMs) have emerged as a transformative paradigm in medical image analysis, offering the potential to provide generalizable, task-agnostic solutions across a wide range of clinical tasks and imaging modalities. Their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Karma Phuntsho , Abdullah , Kyungmi Lee , Ickjai Lee , Euijoon Ahn

In this paper, we address the problem of learning low dimension representation of entities on relational databases consisting of multiple tables. Embeddings help to capture semantics encoded in the database and can be used in a variety of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Siddhant Arora , Vinayak Gupta , Garima Gaur , Srikanta Bedathur