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Spatial reasoning is a core aspect of human intelligence that allows perception, inference and planning in 3D environments. However, current vision-language models (VLMs) struggle to maintain geometric coherence and cross-view consistency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Qiyao Xue , Weichen Liu , Shiqi Wang , Haoming Wang , Yuyang Wu , Wei Gao

Current Large Language Models have achieved Olympiad-level logic, yet Vision-Language Models paradoxically falter on elementary spatial tasks like block counting. This capability mismatch reveals a critical ``spatial intelligence gap,''…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Shaoxiong Zhan , Yanlin Lai , Zheng Liu , Hai Lin , Shen Li , Xiaodong Cai , Zijian Lin , Wen Huang , Hai-Tao Zheng

Humans exhibit a remarkable ability to recognize co-visibility-the 3D regions simultaneously visible in multiple images-even when these images are sparsely distributed across a complex scene. This ability is foundational to 3D vision,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Chao Chen , Nobel Dang , Juexiao Zhang , Wenkai Sun , Pengfei Zheng , Xuhang He , Yimeng Ye , Jiasheng Zhang , Taarun Srinivas , Chen Feng

Vision--language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on many multimodal benchmarks but remain brittle on spatial reasoning tasks that require aligning abstract overhead representations with egocentric views. We introduce m2sv, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yosub Shin , Michael Buriek , Igor Molybog

Visual understanding goes well beyond object recognition. With one glance at an image, we can effortlessly imagine the world beyond the pixels: for instance, we can infer people's actions, goals, and mental states. While this task is easy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Rowan Zellers , Yonatan Bisk , Ali Farhadi , Yejin Choi

One of the primary challenges faced by deep learning is the degree to which current methods exploit superficial statistics and dataset bias, rather than learning to generalise over the specific representations they have experienced. This is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Damien Teney , Peng Wang , Jiewei Cao , Lingqiao Liu , Chunhua Shen , Anton van den Hengel

The integration of language and 3D perception is critical for embodied AI and robotic systems to perceive, understand, and interact with the physical world. Spatial reasoning, a key capability for understanding spatial relationships between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jiaxin Huang , Ziwen Li , Hanlve Zhang , Runnan Chen , Xiao He , Yandong Guo , Wenping Wang , Tongliang Liu , Mingming Gong

Structured tables are essential for conveying high-density information in professional domains such as finance, healthcare, and scientific research. Despite the progress in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), reasoning performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xiaoyu Chen , Lu Dai , Hanqing Wang , Zhuoyu Li , Wenbin Dai , Yanzong Zheng , Zhenggang Xia , Junyong Lin , Hui Xiong

Multimodal retrieval is becoming a crucial component of modern AI applications, yet its evaluation lags behind the demands of more realistic and challenging scenarios. Existing benchmarks primarily probe surface-level semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Junjie Zhou , Ze Liu , Lei Xiong , Jin-Ge Yao , Yueze Wang , Shitao Xiao , Fenfen Lin , Miguel Hu Chen , Zhicheng Dou , Siqi Bao , Defu Lian , Yongping Xiong , Zheng Liu

Although great progress has been made in 3D visual grounding, current models still rely on explicit textual descriptions for grounding and lack the ability to reason human intentions from implicit instructions. We propose a new task called…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Chenming Zhu , Tai Wang , Wenwei Zhang , Kai Chen , Xihui Liu

Visual Grounding, also known as Referring Expression Comprehension and Phrase Grounding, aims to ground the specific region(s) within the image(s) based on the given expression text. This task simulates the common referential relationships…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Linhui Xiao , Xiaoshan Yang , Xiangyuan Lan , Yaowei Wang , Changsheng Xu

Recent developments in differentiable and neural rendering have made impressive breakthroughs in a variety of 2D and 3D tasks, e.g. novel view synthesis, 3D reconstruction. Typically, differentiable rendering relies on a dense viewpoint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Michal Nazarczuk , Thomas Tanay , Sibi Catley-Chandar , Richard Shaw , Radu Timofte , Eduardo Pérez-Pellitero

Rapid progress in video models has largely focused on visual quality, leaving their reasoning capabilities underexplored. Video reasoning grounds intelligence in spatiotemporally consistent visual environments that go beyond what text can…

Large vision-language models have achieved remarkable progress in visual reasoning, yet most existing systems rely on single-step or text-only reasoning, limiting their ability to iteratively refine understanding across multiple visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Wenfang Sun , Hao Chen , Yingjun Du , Yefeng Zheng , Cees G. M. Snoek

The rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has unlocked the potential for enhanced 3D scene understanding and spatial reasoning. A recent line of work explores learning spatial reasoning directly from multi-view images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kanghee Lee , Injae Lee , Minseok Kwak , Jungi Hong , Kwonyoung Ryu , Jaesik Park

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made rapid progress, particularly in enhancing their reasoning capabilities. However, existing reasoning benchmarks still primarily assess language-based reasoning, often treating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Junyan Ye , Dongzhi Jiang , Jun He , Baichuan Zhou , Zilong Huang , Zhiyuan Yan , Hongsheng Li , Conghui He , Weijia Li

With the current surge in spatial reasoning explorations, researchers have made significant progress in understanding indoor scenes, but still struggle with diverse applications such as robotics and autonomous driving. This paper aims to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Peiwen Sun , Shiqiang Lang , Dongming Wu , Yi Ding , Kaituo Feng , Huadai Liu , Zhen Ye , Rui Liu , Yun-Hui Liu , Jianan Wang , Xiangyu Yue

Visual grounding, localizing objects from natural language descriptions, represents a critical bridge between language and vision understanding. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) achieve impressive scores on existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Rang Li , Lei Li , Shuhuai Ren , Hao Tian , Shuhao Gu , Shicheng Li , Zihao Yue , Yudong Wang , Wenhan Ma , Zhe Yang , Jingyuan Ma , Zhifang Sui , Fuli Luo

Vision-language models solve geometry problems with rising accuracy, yet their intermediate states remain latent and unverifiable: a relation expressed in textual reasoning or drawing code carries no guarantee that a constraint-satisfying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Juncheng Hu , Jiawei Du , Xin Zhang , Joey Tianyi Zhou

Multi-view spatial reasoning remains difficult for current vision-language models. Even when multiple viewpoints are available, models often underutilize cross-view relations and instead rely on single-image shortcuts, leading to fragile…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Xingjian Tao , Yiwei Wang , Yujun Cai , Yifan Song , Jing Tang
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