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Autoregressive Language Models instantiate a factorized likelihood over token sequences, yet their strictly sequential decoding process imposes an intrinsic lower bound on inference latency. This bottleneck has emerged as a central obstacle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Maxim Divilkovskiy , Vitaly Malygin , Sergey Zlobin , Stanislav Ilyushin , Sultan Isali , Vasily Kalugin , Nuriza Aitassova , Fei Yi , Weidi Zeng

Large language models(LLMs) have shown its outperforming ability on various tasks and question answering. However, LLMs require substantial memory storage on low-resource devices. More critically, the computational speed on these devices is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yanming Liu , Xinyue Peng , Ningjing Sang , Yafeng Yan , Xiaolan Ke , Zhiting Zheng , Shaobo Liu , Songhang Deng , Jiannan Cao , Le Dai , Xingzu Liu , Ruilin Nong , Weihao Liu

Self-speculative decoding is an inference technique for large language models designed to speed up generation without sacrificing output quality. It combines fast, approximate decoding using a compact version of the model as a draft model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Walaa Amer , Uday das , Fadi Kurdahi

Text-to-image diffusion models generate realistic and coherent images but often fail to follow numerical instructions in text, revealing a gap between language and visual representation. Interestingly, we found that these models are not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Hyemin Boo , Hyoryung Kim , Myungjin Lee , Seunghyeon Lee , Jiyoung Lee , Jang-Hwan Choi , Hyunsoo Cho

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in critical applications requiring reliable reasoning, yet their internal reasoning processes remain difficult to evaluate systematically. Existing methods focus on final-answer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shaima Ahmad Freja , Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Betul Yurdem , Chunming Rong

With the rise of large language models, service providers offer language models as a service, enabling users to fine-tune customized models via uploaded private datasets. However, this raises concerns about sensitive data leakage. Prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yi Liu , Weixiang Han , Chengjun Cai , Xingliang Yuan , Cong Wang

Graph-based convolutional model such as non-local block has shown to be effective for strengthening the context modeling ability in convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, its pixel-wise computational overhead is prohibitive which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Xiangtai Li , Xia Li , Ansheng You , Li Zhang , Guangliang Cheng , Kuiyuan Yang , Yunhai Tong , Zhouchen Lin

Personalized generation in T2I diffusion models aims to naturally incorporate individual user preferences into the generation process with minimal user intervention. However, existing studies primarily rely on prompt-level modeling with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Hyungjin Kim , Seokho Ahn , Young-Duk Seo

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across various tasks, yet guiding them to follow desired behaviours during inference remains a significant challenge. Activation steering offers a promising method to control the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Weixuan Wang , Minghao Wu , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Large language model (LLM)-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) has recently attracted a lot of attention due to its high recognition accuracy and enhanced multi-dialect support. However, the high decoding latency of LLMs challenges the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Linye Wei , Shuzhang Zhong , Songqiang Xu , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang , Meng Li

In this work, we systematically study the problem of personalized text-to-image generation, where the output image is expected to portray information about specific human subjects. E.g., generating images of oneself appearing at imaginative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Panos Achlioptas , Alexandros Benetatos , Iordanis Fostiropoulos , Dimitris Skourtis

Device-cloud collaboration holds promise for deploying large language models (LLMs), leveraging lightweight on-device models for efficiency while relying on powerful cloud models for superior reasoning. A central challenge in this setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Wenzhi Fang , Dong-Jun Han , Liangqi Yuan , Evan Chen , Christopher Brinton

Numerical reasoning over documents, which demands both contextual understanding and logical inference, is challenging for low-capacity local models deployed on computation-constrained devices. Although such complex reasoning queries could…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Min Zhang , Yuzhe Lu , Yun Zhou , Panpan Xu , Lin Lee Cheong , Chang-Tien Lu , Haozhu Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming society, powering applications from smartphone assistants to autonomous driving. Yet cloud-based LLM services alone cannot serve a growing class of applications, including those operating under…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Liangqi Yuan , Wenzhi Fang , Shiqiang Wang , H. Vincent Poor , Christopher G. Brinton

Conversational recommender systems aim to provide personalized recommendations via natural language interactions. However, existing approaches either decouple recommendation from dialog generation or rely on retrieval-based pipelines,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sixiao Zhang , Mingrui Liu , Cheng Long

Sequential recommendation aims to predict a user's next action in large-scale recommender systems. While traditional methods often suffer from insufficient information interaction, recent generative recommendation models partially address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Haibo Xing , Hao Deng , Yucheng Mao , Lingyu Mu , Jinxin Hu , Yi Xu , Hao Zhang , Jiahao Wang , Shizhun Wang , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng , Jing Zhang

The customization of large language models (LLMs) for user-specified tasks gets important. However, maintaining all the customized LLMs on cloud servers incurs substantial memory and computational overheads, and uploading user data can also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Jihwan Bang , Juntae Lee , Kyuhong Shim , Seunghan Yang , Simyung Chang

Endowing chatbots with a consistent persona is essential to an engaging conversation, yet it remains an unresolved challenge. In this work, we propose a new retrieval-enhanced approach for personalized response generation. Specifically, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Shuai Liu , Hyundong J. Cho , Marjorie Freedman , Xuezhe Ma , Jonathan May

Small language models (SLMs) support efficient deployments on resource-constrained edge devices, but their limited capacity compromises inference performance. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a promising solution to enhance model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Shangyu Liu , Zhenzhe Zheng , Xiaoyao Huang , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen , Jie Wu

How should one judge whether a given large language model (LLM) can reliably perform economic reasoning? Most existing LLM benchmarks focus on specific applications and fail to present the model with a rich variety of economic tasks. A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Narun Raman , Taylor Lundy , Thiago Amin , Jesse Perla , Kevin Leyton-Brown