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Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) as reasoning modules that can deconstruct complex tasks into more manageable sub-tasks, particularly when applied to visual reasoning tasks for images. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Ahmad Mahmood , Ashmal Vayani , Muzammal Naseer , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

This work explores enabling Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning to link visual cues across multiple images. A straightforward solution is to adapt rule-based reinforcement learning for Vision-Language Models (VLMs). However, such methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Xi Chen , Mingkang Zhu , Shaoteng Liu , Xiaoyang Wu , Xiaogang Xu , Yu Liu , Xiang Bai , Hengshuang Zhao

Accurate chart comprehension represents a critical challenge in advancing multimodal learning systems, as extensive information is compressed into structured visual representations. However, existing vision-language models (VLMs) frequently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xin Zhang , Xingyu Li , Rongguang Wang , Ruizhong Miao , Zheng Wang , Dan Roth , Chenyang Li

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has significantly advanced reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models. However, adapting RLVR to multimodal domains suffers from a critical \textit{perception-reasoning decoupling}.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Shujian Gao , Yuan Wang , Jiangtao Yan , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive promise in code generation, yet their progress remains limited by the shortage of large-scale datasets that are both diverse and well-aligned with human reasoning. Most existing resources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Amal Abed , Ivan Lukic , Jörg K. H. Franke , Frank Hutter

Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods, exemplified by Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) and its variants, play a central role in developing reasoning models. However, these methods often suffer from a critical overconfidence issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Haotian Liu , Shuo Wang , Hongteng Xu

Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) excel in general tasks but struggle to bridge the gap between personalized understanding and generation. Prior works largely rely on implicit token-level alignment via supervised fine-tuning, which fails to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zijun Shen , Sihan Yang , Ruichuan An , Ziyu Guo , Hao Liang , Ming Lu , Renrui Zhang , Wentao Zhang

Test-Time Reinforcement Learning (TTRL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance reasoning capabilities on unlabeled test streams by deriving pseudo-rewards from majority voting consensus. However, existing TTRL methods rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Dong Yan , Jian Liang , Yanbo Wang , Shuo Lu , Ran He , Tieniu Tan

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as an effective paradigm for enhancing model reasoning. However, existing RL methods like GRPO typically rely on unstructured self-sampling to fit scalar rewards, often producing inefficient rollouts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jinyang Wu , Chonghua Liao , Mingkuan Feng , Shuai Zhang , Zhengqi Wen , Haoran Luo , Ling Yang , Huazhe Xu , Jianhua Tao

Tabular data serves as the backbone of modern data analysis and scientific research. While Large Language Models (LLMs) fine-tuned via Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) have significantly improved natural language interaction with such…

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have improved Chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation in multiple aspects. However, many medical VLMs rely solely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT), which optimizes next-token prediction without…

The complex reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) poses a critical bottleneck for their practical applications. Test-time expansion methods such as Tree-of-Thought (ToT) and Graph-of-Thought (GoT) enhance reasoning by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yujiao Yang , Jing Lian , Linhui Li

Long context reasoning in large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated enhancement of their cognitive capabilities via chain-of-thought (CoT) inference. Training such models is usually done via reinforcement learning with verifiable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Purbesh Mitra , Sennur Ulukus

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become a key paradigm to improve the reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, prevalent group-based algorithms such as GRPO require multi-rollout…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Rui Liu , Dian Yu , Lei Ke , Haolin Liu , Yujun Zhou , Zhenwen Liang , Haitao Mi , Pratap Tokekar , Dong Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven highly effective in eliciting the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Inspired by this success, recent studies have explored applying similar techniques to vision-language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yan Chen , Long Li , Teng Xi , Long Zeng , Jingdong Wang

Current Reinforcement Learning (RL) methodologies for Large Language Models (LLMs) often rely on simplistic, outcome-based reward signals (e.g., final answer correctness), which limits the depth of learning from each interaction. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xiangfan Wu

Unified models capable of interleaved generation have emerged as a promising paradigm, with the community increasingly converging on autoregressive modeling for text and flow matching for image generation. To advance this direction, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jie Liu , Zilyu Ye , Linxiao Yuan , Shenhan Zhu , Yu Gao , Jie Wu , Kunchang Li , Xionghui Wang , Xiaonan Nie , Weilin Huang , Wanli Ouyang

Despite significant progress, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) still struggle with complex visual reasoning, where multi-step dependencies cause early errors to cascade through the reasoning chain. Existing post-training paradigms are limited:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yanbei Jiang , Chao Lei , Yihao Ding , Krista Ehinger , Jey Han Lau

Reinforcement learning has been shown to improve the performance of large language models. However, traditional approaches like RLHF or RLAIF treat the problem as single-step. As focus shifts toward more complex reasoning and agentic tasks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Anna Goldie , Azalia Mirhoseini , Hao Zhou , Irene Cai , Christopher D. Manning

Genetic circuit design remains a laborious, expert-driven process despite decades of progress in synthetic biology. We study this problem through code generation: models produce Python code in pysbol3 to construct genetic circuits in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Noah Flynn