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Large language models face challenges in long-context question answering, where key evidence of a query may be dispersed across millions of tokens. Existing works equip large language models with a memory buffer that is dynamically updated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yaorui Shi , Yuxin Chen , Siyuan Wang , Sihang Li , Hengxing Cai , Qi Gu , Xiang Wang , An Zhang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for long-duration tasks, maintaining effective long-term memory has become a critical challenge. Current methods often face a trade-off between cost and accuracy. Simple storage methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Jiejun Tan , Zhicheng Dou , Liancheng Zhang , Yuyang Hu , Yiruo Cheng , Ji-Rong Wen

Although LLM agents can leverage tools for complex tasks, they still need memory to maintain cross-turn consistency and accumulate reusable information in long-horizon interactions. However, retrieval-based external memory systems incur low…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jiaquan Zhang , Chaoning Zhang , Shuxu Chen , Zhenzhen Huang , Pengcheng Zheng , Zhicheng Wang , Ping Guo , Fan Mo , Sung-Ho Bae , Jie Zou , Jiwei Wei , Yang Yang

Large language models (LLMs) struggle with maintaining coherence in extended conversations spanning hundreds of turns, despite performing well within their context windows. This paper introduces HEMA (Hippocampus-Inspired Extended Memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Kwangseob Ahn

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver strong performance but incur high inference cost in real-world services, especially under workloads with repeated or near-duplicate queries across users and sessions. In this work, we propose MemBoost, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Joris Köster , Zixuan Liu , Siavash Khajavi , Zizhan Zheng

Fault localization, the process of identifying the software components responsible for failures, is essential but often time-consuming. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled fault localization without extensive defect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Inseok Yeo , Duksan Ryu , Jongmoon Baik

Large language model (LLM) agents have evolved to intelligently process information, make decisions, and interact with users or tools. A key capability is the integration of long-term memory capabilities, enabling these agents to draw upon…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Rana Salama , Jason Cai , Michelle Yuan , Anna Currey , Monica Sunkara , Yi Zhang , Yassine Benajiba

Modern LLM-based agents and chat assistants rely on long-term memory frameworks to store reusable knowledge, recall user preferences, and augment reasoning. As researchers create more complex memory architectures, it becomes increasingly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Alina Shutova , Alexandra Olenina , Ivan Vinogradov , Anton Sinitsin

Persistent conversational AI systems face a choice between passing full conversation histories to a long-context large language model (LLM) and maintaining a dedicated memory system that extracts and retrieves structured facts. We compare a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Natchanon Pollertlam , Witchayut Kornsuwannawit

Memory is essential for large vision-language models (LVLMs) to handle long, multimodal interactions, with two method directions providing this capability: long-context LVLMs and memory-augmented agents. However, no existing benchmark…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Xiyu Ren , Zhaowei Wang , Yiming Du , Zhongwei Xie , Chi Liu , Xinlin Yang , Haoyue Feng , Wenjun Pan , Tianshi Zheng , Baixuan Xu , Zhengnan Li , Yangqiu Song , Ginny Wong , Simon See

Existing memory benchmarks for LLM agents evaluate explicit recall of facts, yet overlook implicit memory where experience becomes automated behavior without conscious retrieval. This gap is critical: effective assistants must automatically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Chonghan Qin , Xiachong Feng , Weitao Ma , Xiaocheng Feng , Lingpeng Kong

Modern task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems increasingly rely on large language model (LLM) agents, leveraging Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and long-context capabilities for long-term memory utilization. However, these methods are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Yiming Du , Bingbing Wang , Yang He , Bin Liang , Baojun Wang , Zhongyang Li , Lin Gui , Jeff Z. Pan , Ruifeng Xu , Kam-Fai Wong

Long-term memory is one of the key factors influencing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Model Agents (LLM Agents). Incorporating a memory mechanism that effectively integrates past interactions can significantly enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Haoran Sun , Shaoning Zeng

Long-horizon conversational agents require persistent memory for coherent reasoning, yet uncontrolled accumulation causes temporal decay and false memory propagation. Benchmarks such as LOCOMO and LOCCO report performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Payal Fofadiya , Sunil Tiwari

Modern language agents must operate over long-horizon, multi-turn histories, yet deploying such agents with Small Language Models (SLMs) remains fundamentally difficult. Full-context prompting causes context overflow, flat retrieval exposes…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Jiayi Chen , Yingcong Li , Guiling Wang

The widespread availability of search API's (both free and commercial) brings the promise of increased coverage and quality of search results for metasearch engines, while decreasing the maintenance costs of the crawling and indexing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Thales Sales Almeida , Thiago Laitz , João Seródio , Luiz Henrique Bonifacio , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

How effectively can LLM-based AI assistants utilize their memory (context) to perform various tasks? Traditional data benchmarks, which are often manually crafted, suffer from several limitations: they are static, susceptible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Menglin Xia , Victor Ruehle , Saravan Rajmohan , Reza Shokri

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have scaled the potential for reasoning and agentic search, wherein models autonomously plan, retrieve, and reason over external knowledge to answer complex queries. However, the iterative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Sheng Zhang , Junyi Li , Yingyi Zhang , Pengyue Jia , Yichao Wang , Xiaowei Qian , Wenlin Zhang , Maolin Wang , Yong Liu , Xiangyu Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as foundational infrastructure in the pursuit of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Despite their remarkable capabilities in language perception and generation, current LLMs fundamentally lack a…

To enable embodied agents to operate effectively over extended timeframes, it is crucial to develop models that form and access memories to stay contextualized in their environment. In the current paradigm of training transformer-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Gunshi Gupta , Karmesh Yadav , Zsolt Kira , Yarin Gal , Rahaf Aljundi