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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to uncover the inner reasoning of machine learning models. In IoT systems, XAI improves the transparency of models processing sensor data from multiple heterogeneous devices, ensuring end-users…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Michele Fiori , Gabriele Civitarese , Priyankar Choudhary , Claudio Bettini

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to make AI systems more transparent, yet many practices emphasise mathematical rigour over practical user needs. We propose an alternative to this model-centric approach by following a design thinking process for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Elisa Nguyen , Johannes Bertram , Evgenii Kortukov , Jean Y. Song , Seong Joon Oh

As the field of explainable AI (XAI) is maturing, calls for interactive explanations for (the outputs of) AI models are growing, but the state-of-the-art predominantly focuses on static explanations. In this paper, we focus instead on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Antonio Rago , Hengzhi Li , Francesca Toni

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become tightly integrated into modern technology, yet existing exploratory visualizations for explainable AI (XAI) are primarily designed for users with technical expertise. This leaves everyday users, who…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yuzhe You , Jian Zhao

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly developed through advancements in computational power and the growth of massive datasets. However, this progress has also heightened challenges in interpreting the "black-box" nature of AI models. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Shilin Sun , Wenbin An , Feng Tian , Fang Nan , Qidong Liu , Jun Liu , Nazaraf Shah , Ping Chen

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly embedded in critical decision-making systems, however their foundational ``black-box'' models require eXplainable AI (XAI) solutions to enhance transparency, which are mostly oriented to experts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Eva Paraschou , Ioannis Arapakis , Sofia Yfantidou , Sebastian Macaluso , Athena Vakali

Artificial Intelligence models are becoming increasingly more powerful and accurate, supporting or even replacing humans' decision making. But with increased power and accuracy also comes higher complexity, making it hard for users to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Vivian S. Silva , André Freitas , Siegfried Handschuh

The adoption of intelligent systems creates opportunities as well as challenges for medical work. On the positive side, intelligent systems have the potential to compute complex data from patients and generate automated diagnosis…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Yao Xie , Ge Gao , Xiang 'Anthony' Chen

The explainable AI (XAI) research community has proposed numerous technical methods, yet deploying explainability as systems remains challenging: Interactive explanation systems require both suitable algorithms and system capabilities that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Tobias Labarta , Nhi Hoang , Maximilian Dreyer , Jim Berend , Oleg Hein , Jackie Ma , Wojciech Samek , Sebastian Lapuschkin

Artificial intelligence models encounter significant challenges due to their black-box nature, particularly in safety-critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous vehicles. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) addresses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Melkamu Mersha , Khang Lam , Joseph Wood , Ali AlShami , Jugal Kalita

Many ethical frameworks require artificial intelligence (AI) systems to be explainable. Explainable AI (XAI) models are frequently tested for their adequacy in user studies. Since different people may have different explanatory needs, it is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Uwe Peters , Mary Carman

Artificial intelligence methods are being increasingly applied across various domains, but their often opaque nature has raised concerns about accountability and trust. In response, the field of explainable AI (XAI) has emerged to address…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ryan Zhou , Jaume Bacardit , Alexander Brownlee , Stefano Cagnoni , Martin Fyvie , Giovanni Iacca , John McCall , Niki van Stein , David Walker , Ting Hu

Recent applications of autonomous agents and robots, such as self-driving cars, scenario-based trainers, exploration robots, and service robots have brought attention to crucial trust-related challenges associated with the current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Fatai Sado , Chu Kiong Loo , Wei Shiung Liew , Matthias Kerzel , Stefan Wermter

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) fills the role of a critical interface fostering interactions between sophisticated intelligent systems and diverse individuals, including data scientists, domain experts, end-users, and more. It…

As AI-powered systems increasingly mediate consequential decision-making, their explainability is critical for end-users to take informed and accountable actions. Explanations in human-human interactions are socially-situated. AI systems…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Upol Ehsan , Q. Vera Liao , Michael Muller , Mark O. Riedl , Justin D. Weisz

More recently, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) research has shifted to focus on a more pragmatic or naturalistic account of understanding, that is, whether the stakeholders understand the explanation. This point is especially…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Janet Hui-wen Hsiao , Hilary Hei Ting Ngai , Luyu Qiu , Yi Yang , Caleb Chen Cao

Interpretation of deep learning models is a very challenging problem because of their large number of parameters, complex connections between nodes, and unintelligible feature representations. Despite this, many view interpretability as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Michael Tsang , James Enouen , Yan Liu

The evolution of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emphasised the significance of meeting diverse user needs. The approaches to identifying and addressing these needs must also advance, recognising that explanation experiences…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Anjana Wijekoon , David Corsar , Nirmalie Wiratunga , Kyle Martin , Pedram Salimi

When the initial vision of Explainable (XAI) was articulated, the most popular framing was to open the (proverbial) "black-box" of AI so that we could understand the inner workings. With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), the very…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Upol Ehsan , Mark O. Riedl

The field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence faces challenges due to the absence of a widely accepted taxonomy that facilitates the quantitative evaluation of explainability in Machine Learning algorithms. In this paper, we propose a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Riccardo Porcedda