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Like students facing hard exam questions, large language models sometimes guess when uncertain, producing plausible yet incorrect statements instead of admitting uncertainty. Such "hallucinations" persist even in state-of-the-art systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Adam Tauman Kalai , Ofir Nachum , Santosh S. Vempala , Edwin Zhang

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has received widespread interest in recent years, and two of the most popular types of explanations are feature attributions, and counterfactual explanations. These classes of approaches have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Emanuele Albini , Shubham Sharma , Saumitra Mishra , Danial Dervovic , Daniele Magazzeni

As machine learning models are increasingly used in critical decision-making settings (e.g., healthcare, finance), there has been a growing emphasis on developing methods to explain model predictions. Such \textit{explanations} are used to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Dylan Slack , Sophie Hilgard , Sameer Singh , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Post-hoc explanations for black box models have been studied extensively in classification and regression settings. However, explanations for models that output similarity between two inputs have received comparatively lesser attention. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Amit Dhurandhar , Dennis Wei , Zaid Bin Tariq

We present a flexible framework for learning predictive models that approximately satisfy the equalized odds notion of fairness. This is achieved by introducing a general discrepancy functional that rigorously quantifies violations of this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-09 Yaniv Romano , Stephen Bates , Emmanuel J. Candès

Recent work in explanation generation for decision making agents has looked at how unexplained behavior of autonomous systems can be understood in terms of differences in the model of the system and the human's understanding of the same,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Tathagata Chakraborti , Sarath Sreedharan , Sachin Grover , Subbarao Kambhampati

Machine learning algorithms in socially sensitive domains (e.g., credit decisions) often focus on equalizing predictive outcomes. However, satisfying these metrics does not guarantee that models use the same reasoning for different groups.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Gideon Popoola , John Sheppard

This paper studies the problem of distributed classification with a network of heterogeneous agents. The agents seek to jointly identify the underlying target class that best describes a sequence of observations. The problem is first…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-24 James Z. Hare , Cesar A. Uribe , Lance Kaplan , Ali Jadbabaie

Providing explanations is considered an imperative ability for an AI agent in a human-robot teaming framework. The right explanation provides the rationale behind an AI agent's decision-making. However, to maintain the human teammate's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Mehrdad Zakershahrak , Samira Ghodratnama

Although a plethora of architectural variants for deep classification has been introduced over time, recent works have found empirical evidence towards similarities in their training process. It has been hypothesized that neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Iuliia Pliushch , Martin Mundt , Nicolas Lupp , Visvanathan Ramesh

The rapid advancement and widespread adoption of machine learning-driven technologies have underscored the practical and ethical need for creating interpretable artificial intelligence systems. Feature importance, a method that assigns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Nimrod Harel , Uri Obolski , Ran Gilad-Bachrach

Evaluating feature attribution methods represents a critical challenge in explainable AI (XAI), as researchers typically rely on perturbation-based metrics when ground truth is unavailable. However, recent work reveals that these evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Gregor Baer , Isel Grau , Chao Zhang , Pieter Van Gorp

As machine learning and algorithmic decision making systems are increasingly being leveraged in high-stakes human-in-the-loop settings, there is a pressing need to understand the rationale of their predictions. Researchers have responded to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Jonathan Dinu , Jeffrey Bigham , J. Zico Kolter

Additive feature explanations using Shapley values have become popular for providing transparency into the relative importance of each feature to an individual prediction of a machine learning model. While Shapley values provide a unique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Thomas W. Campbell , Heinrich Roder , Robert W. Georgantas , Joanna Roder

Conformal prediction methods provide statistically rigorous marginal coverage guarantees for machine learning models, but such guarantees fail to account for algorithmic biases, thereby undermining fairness and trust. This paper introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Senrong Xu , Yanke Zhou , Yuhao Tan , Zenan Li , Yuan Yao , Taolue Chen , Feng Xu , Xiaoxing Ma

Despite the wide use of explainability techniques to attempt to understand the behavior of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the generated explanations may not always be reliable. An explanation can appear plausible to humans but fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Tomás Pereira , João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

For neural models to garner widespread public trust and ensure fairness, we must have human-intelligible explanations for their predictions. Recently, an increasing number of works focus on explaining the predictions of neural models in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Oana-Maria Camburu , Eleonora Giunchiglia , Jakob Foerster , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Phil Blunsom

This paper studies the problem of estimating the contributions of features to the prediction of a specific instance by a machine learning model and the overall contribution of a feature to the model. The causal effect of a feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Jiuyong Li , Ha Xuan Tran , Thuc Duy Le , Lin Liu , Kui Yu , Jixue Liu

Recent advancements in machine learning have emphasized the need for transparency in model predictions, particularly as interpretability diminishes when using increasingly complex architectures. In this paper, we propose leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Chenrui Zhu , Louenas Bounia , Vu Linh Nguyen , Sébastien Destercke , Arthur Hoarau

Large pre-trained language models (LMs) have been shown to perform surprisingly well when fine-tuned on tasks that require commonsense and world knowledge. However, in end-to-end architectures, it is difficult to explain what is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Veronica Latcinnik , Jonathan Berant