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Structured LLM routing is often treated as a prompt-engineering problem. We argue that it is, more fundamentally, a systems-level burden-allocation problem. As large language models (LLMs) become core control components in agentic AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Zhou Hanlin , Chan Huah Yong

Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as a powerful paradigm for solving complex, multifaceted problems. However, the potential of these systems is often constrained by the prevalent plan-and-execute…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yexuan Shi , Mingyu Wang , Yunxiang Cao , Hongjie Lai , Junjian Lan , Xin Han , Yu Wang , Jie Geng , Zhenan Li , Zihao Xia , Xiang Chen , Chen Li , Jian Xu , Wenbo Duan , Yuanshuo Zhu

We propose a novel model- and feature-based approach to development of vehicle software systems, where the end architecture is not explicitly defined. Instead, it emerges from an iterative process of search and optimization given certain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Krzysztof Lebioda , Viktor Vorobev , Nenad Petrovic , Fengjunjie Pan , Vahid Zolfaghari , Alois Knoll

The evolution of agentic systems represents a significant milestone in artificial intelligence and modern software systems, driven by the demand for vertical intelligence tailored to diverse industries. These systems enhance business…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Fouad Bousetouane

Multi-agent language systems are often built as hand-designed workflows, where agents are assigned semantic roles and communication protocols are specified in advance. We propose NeuroMAS, a method that first treats a multi-agent language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haoran Lu , Luyang Fang , Wenxuan Zhong , Ping Ma

Modern software systems continuously undergo code upgrades to enhance functionality, security, and performance, and Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code migration tasks. However, while research on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Xiang Li , Zhiwei Fei , Ying Ma , Jerry Zhang , Sarro Federica , He Ye

Controlling energy systems usually involves manually designed policies for decision-making, which can be complex and time-consuming to develop. This process requires interdisciplinary collaboration among multiple domain experts, resulting…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-28 Alexander Sommer , Peter Bazan , Behnam Babaeian , Jonathan Fellerer , Warren B. Powell , Reinhard German

Multi-agent autonomous systems (MAS) are better at addressing challenges that spans across multiple domains than singular autonomous agents. This holds true within the field of software engineering (SE) as well. The state-of-the-art…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Krishna Ronanki

Agentic AI denotes an architectural transition from stateless, prompt-driven generative models toward goal-directed systems capable of autonomous perception, planning, action, and adaptation through iterative control loops. This paper…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mamdouh Alenezi

This paper reviews the architecture and implementation methods of agents powered by large language models (LLMs). Motivated by the limitations of traditional LLMs in real-world tasks, the research aims to explore patterns to develop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Victor de Lamo Castrillo , Habtom Kahsay Gidey , Alexander Lenz , Alois Knoll

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with microscopic traffic simulation offers a promising path toward autonomous urban planning and intelligent transportation analysis. However, existing monolithic agent architectures often…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Shuyang Li , Ruimin Ke

Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-based MAS), where multiple LLM agents collaborate to solve complex tasks, have shown impressive performance in many areas. However, MAS are typically distributed across different devices…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Zhilun Zhou , Zihan Liu , Jiahe Liu , Qingyu Shao , Yihan Wang , Kun Shao , Depeng Jin , Fengli Xu

Multi-agent architectures built on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the potential to realize swarm intelligence through well-crafted collaboration. However, the substantial burden of manual orchestration inherently raises an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Rui Li , Zeyu Zhang , Xiaohe Bo , Quanyu Dai , Chaozhuo Li , Feng Wen , Xu Chen

Traditional control system design, reliant on expert knowledge and precise models, struggles with complex, nonlinear, or uncertain dynamics. This paper introduces AgenticControl, a novel multi-agent framework that automates controller…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Mohammad Narimani , Seyyed Ali Emami

Single-agent systems (SAS) have become the default pattern for LLM-driven scientific workflows, but routing planning, tool use, and synthesis through a single context window comes with a well-known cost: as tool specifications and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jinpai Zhao , Albert Cerrone , Joannes Westerink , Clint Dawson

As spacecraft journey further from Earth with more complex missions, systems of greater autonomy and onboard intelligence are called for. Reducing reliance on human-based mission control becomes increasingly critical if we are to increase…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-03 David Maranto

Large language model (LLM) agent systems are increasingly expected to improve after deployment, but existing work often decouples two adaptation targets: skill evolution and multi-agent system (MAS) restructuring. This separation can create…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shuai Pan , Yixiang Liu , Jiaye Gao , Te Gao , Weiwen Liu , Jianghao Lin , Zhihui Fu , Jun Wang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents, expected to decompose goals, invoke tools, and verify results in dynamic environments. Realizing these capabilities requires access to agentic data-structured interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Abhigya Verma , Seganrasan Subramanian , Nandhakumar Kandasamy , Naman Gupta

This paper presents a defense framework for enhancing the safety of large language model (LLM) empowered multi-agent systems (MAS) in safety-critical domains such as aerospace. We apply randomized smoothing, a statistical robustness…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jinwei Hu , Yi Dong , Zhengtao Ding , Xiaowei Huang

Agentic AI systems built on large language models (LLMs) offer significant potential for automating complex workflows, from software development to customer support. However, LLM agents often underperform due to suboptimal configurations;…