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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a promising approach to address the data scarcity challenge in robotics, enabling the development of generalizable visuomotor control policies. While models like OpenVLA showcase the potential…

Robotic real-world reinforcement learning (RL) with vision-language-action (VLA) models is bottlenecked by sparse, handcrafted rewards and inefficient exploration. We introduce VLAC, a general process reward model built upon InternVL and…

The Visual-Language-Action (VLA) models can follow text instructions according to visual observations of the surrounding environment. This ability to map multimodal inputs to actions is derived from the training of the VLA model on…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are formulated to ground instructions in visual context and generate action sequences for robotic manipulation. Despite recent progress, VLA models still face challenges in learning related and reusable…

Deploying powerful Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models on edge devices is limited by their massive size. In this paper, we take a deployment-oriented view of VLA training: we target efficiency through model design and optimization, rather…

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) hold immense promise for enabling generalist robot manipulation. However, the best way to build them remains an open question. Current approaches often add complexity, such as modifying the existing…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models convert high-level language instructions into concrete, executable actions, a task that is especially challenging in open-world environments. We present Visual Foresight Planning (ForeAct), a general and…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models aim to control robots for manipulation from visual observations and natural-language instructions. However, existing hierarchical and autoregressive paradigms often introduce architectural overhead,…

Recent advancements in vision-language-action (VLA) models have shown promise in robotic manipulation, yet they continue to struggle with long-horizon, multi-step tasks. Existing methods lack internal reasoning mechanisms that can identify…

The development of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models has been significantly accelerated by pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs). However, most existing end-to-end VLAs treat the VLM primarily as a multimodal encoder, directly mapping…

Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models built upon pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved significant improvements in robotic manipulation. However, current VLAs still suffer from low sample efficiency and limited…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently shown strong decision-making capabilities in autonomous driving. However, existing VLAs often struggle with achieving efficient inference and generalizing to novel autonomous vehicle…

Many robotic manipulation tasks require sensing and responding to force signals such as torque to assess whether the task has been successfully completed and to enable closed-loop control. However, current Vision-Language-Action (VLA)…

In this study, we address the problem of language-guided robotic manipulation, where a robot is required to manipulate a wide range of objects based on visual observations and natural language instructions. This task is essential for…

A fundamental objective of manipulation policy design is to endow robots to comprehend human instructions, reason about scene cues, and execute generalized actions in dynamic environments. Recent autoregressive vision-language-action (VLA)…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently emerged, demonstrating strong generalization in robotic scene understanding and manipulation. However, when confronted with long-horizon tasks that require defined goal states, such as LEGO…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong potential for general-purpose robot manipulation by unifying perception and action. However, existing VLA systems primarily rely on textual instructions and struggle to resolve spatial…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as powerful generalist policies for robotic control, yet their performance scaling across model architectures and hardware platforms, as well as their associated power budgets, remain poorly…

Does Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning genuinely improve Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, or does it merely add overhead? Existing CoT-VLA systems report limited and inconsistent gains, yet no prior work has rigorously diagnosed when and…

Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models rely on 2D inputs, lacking integration with the broader realm of the 3D physical world. Furthermore, they perform action prediction by learning a direct mapping from perception to action,…