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Despite recent advances, Large Language Models remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass alignment safeguards and elicit harmful outputs. While prior research has proposed various attack strategies differing in human readability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Havva Alizadeh Noughabi , Julien Serbanescu , Fattane Zarrinkalam , Ali Dehghantanha

There is considerable confusion about the role of Large Language Models (LLMs) in planning and reasoning tasks. On one side are over-optimistic claims that LLMs can indeed do these tasks with just the right prompting or self-verification…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Subbarao Kambhampati , Karthik Valmeekam , Lin Guan , Mudit Verma , Kaya Stechly , Siddhant Bhambri , Lucas Saldyt , Anil Murthy

Building causal graphs can be a laborious process. To ensure all relevant causal pathways have been captured, researchers often have to discuss with clinicians and experts while also reviewing extensive relevant medical literature. By…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Stephanie Long , Tibor Schuster , Alexandre Piché

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success in performing varied natural language tasks such as language translation, question-answering, summarizing, fact-checking, etc. Despite LLMs' impressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Bishwamittra Ghosh , Sarah Hasan , Naheed Anjum Arafat , Arijit Khan

Graph plays a significant role in representing and analyzing complex relationships in real-world applications such as citation networks, social networks, and biological data. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs), which have achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Yuhan Li , Zhixun Li , Peisong Wang , Jia Li , Xiangguo Sun , Hong Cheng , Jeffrey Xu Yu

Humanitarian negotiations in conflict zones, called \emph{frontline negotiation}, are often highly adversarial, complex, and high-risk. Several best-practices have emerged over the years that help negotiators extract insights from large…

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) exhibit powerful capabilities for generating natural text. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) can discover diverse solutions to complex real-world problems. Motivated by the common collective and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Chao Wang , Jiaxuan Zhao , Licheng Jiao , Lingling Li , Fang Liu , Shuyuan Yang

This paper explores the pressing issue of risk assessment in Large Language Models (LLMs) as they become increasingly prevalent in various applications. Focusing on how reward models, which are designed to fine-tune pretrained LLMs to align…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Bahareh Harandizadeh , Abel Salinas , Fred Morstatter

Large language models (LLMs) have recently taken the world by storm. They can generate coherent text, hold meaningful conversations, and be taught concepts and basic sets of instructions - such as the steps of an algorithm. In this context,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Sara Di Bartolomeo , Giorgio Severi , Victor Schetinger , Cody Dunne

This paper examines a critical yet unexplored dimension of the AI alignment problem: the potential for Large Language Models (LLMs) to inherit and amplify existing misalignments between human espoused theories and theories-in-use. Drawing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Tim Rogers , Ben Teehankee

Large Language Models (LLMs) stand at the forefront of a number of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Despite the widespread adoption of LLMs in NLP, much of their potential in broader fields remains largely unexplored, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Zhiqiang Zhong , Kuangyu Zhou , Davide Mottin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used for automated evaluations and explaining them. However, concerns about explanation quality, consistency, and hallucinations remain open research challenges, particularly in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Vincent Freiberger , Arthur Fleig , Erik Buchmann

In finance, Large Language Models (LLMs) face frequent knowledge conflicts arising from discrepancies between their pre-trained parametric knowledge and real-time market data. These conflicts are especially problematic in real-world…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-20 Hoyoung Lee , Junhyuk Seo , Suhwan Park , Junhyeong Lee , Wonbin Ahn , Chanyeol Choi , Alejandro Lopez-Lira , Yongjae Lee

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly embedded in empirical research workflows, their use as analytical tools for quantitative or qualitative data raises pressing concerns for scientific integrity. This opinion paper draws a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Thomas Kosch , Sebastian Feger

Handling graph data is one of the most difficult tasks. Traditional techniques, such as those based on geometry and matrix factorization, rely on assumptions about the data relations that become inadequate when handling large and complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Zhenyu Qian , Yiming Qian , Yuting Song , Fei Gao , Hai Jin , Chen Yu , Xia Xie

Despite the strong abilities, large language models (LLMs) still suffer from hallucinations and reliance on outdated knowledge, raising concerns in knowledge-intensive tasks. Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (GRAG) enriches LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Derong Xu , Pengyue Jia , Xiaopeng Li , Yingyi Zhang , Maolin Wang , Qidong Liu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yichao Wang , Huifeng Guo , Ruiming Tang , Enhong Chen , Tong Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased impressive reasoning capabilities, particularly when guided by specifically designed prompts in complex reasoning tasks such as math word problems. These models typically solve tasks using a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Lang Cao

In the continuously advancing AI landscape, crafting context-rich and meaningful responses via Large Language Models (LLMs) is essential. Researchers are becoming more aware of the challenges that LLMs with fewer parameters encounter when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Somnath Banerjee , Amruit Sahoo , Sayan Layek , Avik Dutta , Rima Hazra , Animesh Mukherjee

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed with hierarchical instruction schemes, where certain instructions (e.g., system-level directives) are expected to take precedence over others (e.g., user messages). Yet, we lack a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yilin Geng , Haonan Li , Honglin Mu , Xudong Han , Timothy Baldwin , Omri Abend , Eduard Hovy , Lea Frermann

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become central to numerous natural language processing tasks, but their vulnerabilities present significant security and ethical challenges. This systematic survey explores the evolving landscape of attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Zhiyu Liao , Kang Chen , Yuanguo Lin , Kangkang Li , Yunxuan Liu , Hefeng Chen , Xingwang Huang , Yuanhui Yu
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