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This article gives an overview of potential upgrades of second generation gravitational wave detectors and the required key technologies to improve the limiting noise sources. In addition the baseline design of the Einstein Telescope, a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-03 Stefan Hild

General relativity has very specific predictions for the gravitational waveforms from inspiralling compact binaries obtained using the post-Newtonian (PN) approximation. We investigate the extent to which the measurement of the PN…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Chandra Kant Mishra , K. G. Arun , Bala R. Iyer , B. S. Sathyaprakash

We investigate the capability of Einstein Telescope to constrain the cosmological parameters of the non-flat $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model. Two types of mock datasets are considered depending on whether or not a short Gamma-Ray Burst is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-23 Matteo Califano , Ivan de Martino , Daniele Vernieri , Salvatore Capozziello

In this overview we discuss the prospects for a first detection of an isotropic gravitational wave background with earth-based interferometric detectors. Furthermore, we focus on how correlated noise sources could endanger such a detection…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-05 Kamiel Janssens

In this paper, a novel method based on the entropy estimation of the observation space eigenvalues is proposed to estimate the number of the sources in Gaussian and Non-Gaussian noise. In this method, the eigenvalues of correlation matrix…

Applications · Statistics 2024-09-02 Hamid Asadi , Babak Seyfe

Newtonian gravitational noise from seismic fields is predicted to be a limiting noise source at low frequency for second generation gravitational-wave detectors. Mitigation of this noise will be achieved by Wiener filtering using arrays of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-12-22 Michael Coughlin , Nikhil Mukund , Jan Harms , Jenne Driggers , Rana Adhikari , Sanjit Mitra

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) enables the observation of atomic arrangements at sub-angstrom resolution, allowing for atomically resolved analysis of the physical and chemical properties of materials. However, due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Hesong Li , Ziqi Wu , Ruiwen Shao , Tao Zhang , Ying Fu

The sensitivity of an atom gradiometer aiming to detect gravitational waves (GW) is impacted by fluctuations of Earth's gravity field also called Newtonian Noise (NN). Sensor arrays have proved to be a promising technique for NN reduction.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-04 Q. Cojean Palassoé , A. Bertoldi , A. Landragin , B. Canuel

We present a theoretical estimate of the atmospheric Newtonian noise due to fluctuations of atmospheric mass densities generated by acoustic and turbulent phenomena and we determine the relevance of such noise in the laser-interferometric…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-16 Carlo Cafaro , S. A. Ali

Terrestrial gravity noise, also known as Newtonian noise, produced by ambient seismic and infrasound fields will pose one of the main sensitivity limitations in low-frequency, ground-based, gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. It was…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-08 Jan Harms , Ho Jung Paik

We present an evaluation of how site dependent noise can affect the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of compact binary coalescence (CBC) signals in the future 3rd generation gravitational wave (GW) detector Einstein Telescope (ET). The design of…

In this work, we use the simulated gravitational wave (GW) standard siren data from the future observation of the Einstein Telescope (ET) to constrain various dark energy cosmological models, including the $\Lambda$CDM, $w$CDM, CPL,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-08 Jing-Fei Zhang , Ming Zhang , Shang-Jie Jin , Jing-Zhao Qi , Xin Zhang

The Einstein Telescope faces a critical data analysis challenge with correlated noise, often overlooked in current parameter estimation analyses. We address this issue by presenting the statistical formulation of the likelihood that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-03 Francesco Cireddu , Milan Wils , Isaac C. F. Wong , Peter T. H. Pang , Tjonnie G. F. Li , Walter Del Pozzo

The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a third generation gravitational wave detector that includes a room-temperature high-frequency (ET-HF) and a cryogenic low-frequency laser interferometer (ET-LF). The cryogenic ET-LF is crucial for exploiting…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-11 Xhesika Koroveshi , Lennard Busch , Ettore Majorana , Paola Puppo , Piero Rapagnani , Fulvio Ricci , Paolo Ruggi , Steffen Grohmann

Quantum noise spectroscopy is a well-known method for detecting environmental noise spectrum and has various applications in quantum sensing, quantum network design, and quantum computing. In this work, a protocol for quantum noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-20 Clara Javaherian , Chris Ferrie

Terrestrial gravity perturbations caused by seismic fields produce the so-called Newtonian noise in gravitational-wave detectors, which is predicted to limit their sensitivity in the upcoming observing runs. In the past, this noise was seen…

We present a concept of a mirror for the application in high-reflectivity low-noise instruments such as interferometers. The concept is based on an etalon with a metasurface (meta-etalon) on the front and a conventional multilayer stack on…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-10-24 Johannes Dickmann , Stefanie Kroker

The Einstein Telescope (ET), a future third-generation gravitational wave detector will have detection sensitivity for gravitational wave signals down to 1 Hz. This improved low-frequency sensitivity of the ET will allow the observation of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-19 Neha Singh , Tomasz Bulik

Numerical relativity codes that do not make assumptions on spatial symmetries most commonly adopt Cartesian coordinates. While these coordinates have many attractive features, spherical coordinates are much better suited to take advantage…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-05-09 Vassilios Mewes , Yosef Zlochower , Manuela Campanelli , Ian Ruchlin , Zachariah B. Etienne , Thomas W. Baumgarte

Neutrinos offer a unique window to the distant, high-energy universe. Several next-generation instruments are being designed and proposed to characterize the flux of TeV--EeV neutrinos. The projected physics reach of the detectors is often…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-07 Jakob van Santen , Brian A. Clark , Rob Halliday , Steffen Hallmann , Anna Nelles