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Organisations are starting to adopt LLM-based AI agents, with their deployments naturally evolving from single agents towards interconnected, multi-agent networks. Yet a collection of safe agents does not guarantee a safe collection of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Alistair Reid , Simon O'Callaghan , Liam Carroll , Tiberio Caetano

Autonomous agent frameworks built upon large language models (LLMs) are evolving into complex, tool-integrated, and continuously operating systems, introducing security risks beyond traditional prompt-level vulnerabilities. As this paradigm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Luyao Xu , Xiang Chen

The integration of tool use into large language models (LLMs) enables agentic systems with real-world impact. In the meantime, unlike standalone LLMs, compromised agents can execute malicious workflows with more consequential impact,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Jizhou Chen , Samuel Lee Cong

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into autonomous "AI scientists," they promise transformative advances but introduce novel vulnerabilities, from potential "biosafety risks" to "dangerous explosions." Ensuring trustworthy deployment in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Saket Sanjeev Chaturvedi , Joshua Bergerson , Tanwi Mallick

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable capabilities but remain vulnerable to adversarial prompts known as jailbreaks, which can bypass safety alignment and elicit harmful outputs. Despite growing efforts in LLM safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Linghao Feng , Xiang He , Jihang Wang , Sicheng Shen , Haibo Tong , Yiting Dong , Jindong Li , Xiang Zheng , Yi Zeng

Recent advances in AI agents capable of solving complex, everyday tasks, from scheduling to customer service, have enabled deployment in real-world settings, but their possibilities for unsafe behavior demands rigorous evaluation. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Sanidhya Vijayvargiya , Aditya Bharat Soni , Xuhui Zhou , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Nouha Dziri , Graham Neubig , Maarten Sap

As LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are increasingly deployed for complex tasks, ensuring their reliability has become a pressing challenge. Since MAS coordinate through unstructured natural language rather than rigid protocols, they are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jin Jia , Zhiling Deng , Zhuangbin Chen , Yingqi Wang , Zibin Zheng

LLM-based multi-agent systems (MASs) are transforming personal productivity by autonomously executing complex, cross-platform tasks. Frameworks such as OpenClaw demonstrate the potential of locally deployed agents integrated with personal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Haoyu Wang , Zibo Xiao , Yedi Zhang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jun Sun

LLM-based multi-agent systems (LLM-MAS) have become a promising paradigm for solving complex tasks through role specialization, tool use, memory, and collaborative reasoning. However, these interactions create new security risks that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Bingyu Yan , Xiaoming Zhang , Jinyu Hou , Chaozhuo Li , Ziyi Zhou , Xiaozhe Zhang , Litian Zhang

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse sectors has marked a transformative era, showcasing remarkable capabilities in text generation and problem-solving tasks. However, this technological advancement is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Rahul Pankajakshan , Sumitra Biswal , Yuvaraj Govindarajulu , Gilad Gressel

Evaluating the security of multi-agent systems (MASs) powered by large language models (LLMs) is challenging, primarily because of the systems' complex internal dynamics and the evolving nature of LLM vulnerabilities. Traditional attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Parth Atulbhai Gandhi , Akansha Shukla , David Tayouri , Beni Ifland , Yuval Elovici , Rami Puzis , Asaf Shabtai

Multi-agent autonomous systems (MAS) are better at addressing challenges that spans across multiple domains than singular autonomous agents. This holds true within the field of software engineering (SE) as well. The state-of-the-art…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Krishna Ronanki

Autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents, exemplified by OpenClaw, demonstrate remarkable capabilities in executing complex, long-horizon tasks. However, their tightly coupled instant-messaging interaction paradigm and high-privilege…

Emergency departments worldwide face rising patient volumes, workforce shortages, and variability in triage decisions that threaten the delivery of timely and accurate care. Current triage methods rely primarily on vital signs, routine…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-21 Kerem Delikoyun , Qianyu Chen , Win Sen Kuan , John Tshon Yit Soong , Matthew Edward Cove , Oliver Hayden

The performance of large language model (LLM) agents depends critically on the execution harness, the system layer that orchestrates tool use, context management, and state persistence. Yet this same architectural centrality makes the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xixun Lin , Yang Liu , Yancheng Chen , Yongxuan Wu , Yucheng Ning , Yilong Liu , Nan Sun , Shun Zhang , Bin Chong , Chuan Zhou , Yanan Cao

The rise of Agent AI and Large Language Model-powered Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-MAS) has underscored the need for responsible and dependable system operation. Tools like LangChain and Retrieval-Augmented Generation have expanded LLM…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Jinwei Hu , Yi Dong , Shuang Ao , Zhuoyun Li , Boxuan Wang , Lokesh Singh , Guangliang Cheng , Sarvapali D. Ramchurn , Xiaowei Huang

Multi-agent systems, when enhanced with Large Language Models (LLMs), exhibit profound capabilities in collective intelligence. However, the potential misuse of this intelligence for malicious purposes presents significant risks. To date,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Zaibin Zhang , Yongting Zhang , Lijun Li , Hongzhi Gao , Lijun Wang , Huchuan Lu , Feng Zhao , Yu Qiao , Jing Shao

The incorporation of LLMs in multi-agent systems (MASs) has the potential to significantly improve our ability to autonomously solve complex problems. However, such systems introduce unique challenges in monitoring, interpreting, and…

Phishing email detection faces significant challenges due to evolving adversarial tactics and heterogeneous attack patterns. Traditional approaches, such as rule-based filters and denylists, often struggle to keep pace, leading to missed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yinuo Xue , Eric Spero , Meng Wai Woo , Wei Gao , Giovanni Russello

The deployment of autonomous AI agents in sensitive domains, such as healthcare, introduces critical risks to safety, security, and privacy. These agents may deviate from user objectives, violate data handling policies, or be compromised by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Lesly Miculicich , Mihir Parmar , Hamid Palangi , Krishnamurthy Dj Dvijotham , Mirko Montanari , Tomas Pfister , Long T. Le