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Fault-tolerant quantum computers which can solve hard problems rely on quantum error correction. One of the most promising error correction codes is the surface code, which requires universal gate fidelities exceeding the error correction…

The construction of a quantum computer remains a fundamental scientific and technological challenge, in particular due to unavoidable noise. Quantum states and operations can be protected from errors using protocols for fault-tolerant…

Given some group $G$ of logical gates, for instance the Clifford group, what are the quantum encodings for which these logical gates can be implemented by simple physical operations, described by some physical representation of $G$? We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-10 Aurélie Denys , Anthony Leverrier

Reducing the energy inefficiency of conventional CMOS-based computing devices -- which rely on logically irreversible gates to process information -- remains both a fundamental engineering challenge and a practical social challenge of…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-07-02 Christian Z. Pratt , Kyle J. Ray , James P. Crutchfield

Simulating large electronic networks with vibrational environments remains a fundamental challenge due to the long lifetimes of electronic-vibrational (vibronic) excitations on the picosecond scale. Quantum computers are a promising…

Medium-scale quantum devices that integrate about hundreds of physical qubits are likely to be developed in the near future. However, such devices will lack the resources for realizing quantum fault tolerance. Therefore, the main challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-24 Chao Song , Jing Cui , H. Wang , J. Hao , H. Feng , Ying Li

The dominant noise in an "erasure qubit" is an erasure -- a type of error whose occurrence and location can be detected. Erasure qubits have potential to reduce the overhead associated with fault tolerance. To date, research on erasure…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for quantum computers to perform useful algorithms, but large-scale fault-tolerant computation remains out of reach due to demanding requirements on operation fidelity and the number of…

The fidelity of certain gates on noisy quantum computers may be improved when they are implemented using more than two levels of the involved transmons. The main impediments to achieving this potential are the dynamic gate phase errors that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-30 Yutaro Iiyama , Wonho Jang , Naoki Kanazawa , Ryu Sawada , Tamiya Onodera , Koji Terashi

Quantum error correction is an essential tool for reliably performing tasks for processing quantum information on a large scale. However, integration into quantum circuits to achieve these tasks is problematic when one realizes that…

Protecting information against decoherence in open quantum systems remains a central challenge for quantum computing. In particular, passive error correction schemes have so far been limited to static memories rather than dynamical qubits.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Mert Esencan , A. I. Lvovsky , Berislav Buča

Reliable execution of large-scale quantum algorithms requires robust underlying operations and this challenge is addressed by quantum error correction (QEC). Most modern QEC protocols rely on measurements and feed-forward operations, which…

We describe a laboratory demonstration of a quantum error correction procedure that can correct intrinsic measurement errors in linear-optics quantum gates. The procedure involves a two-qubit encoding and fast feed-forward-controlled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 T. B. Pittman , B. C Jacobs , J. D. Franson

We establish a symmetry-operator framework for designing quantum error correcting~(QEC) codes based on fundamental properties of the underlying system dynamics. Based on this framework, we propose three hardware-efficient bosonic QEC codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-04 Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Isaac L. Chuang , Jeffrey H. Shapiro

Erasure qubits are beneficial for quantum error correction due to their relaxed threshold requirements. While dual-rail erasure qubits have been demonstrated with a strong error hierarchy in circuit quantum electrodynamics, biased-erasure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Jiasheng Mai , Qiyu Liu , Xiaowei Deng , Yanyan Cai , Zhongchu Ni , Libo Zhang , Ling Hu , Pan Zheng , Song Liu , Yuan Xu , Dapeng Yu

We construct a universal set of high fidelity quantum gates to be used on a sparse bipartite lattice with always-on Ising couplings. The gates are based on dynamical decoupling sequences using shaped pulses, they protect against…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-05 Amrit De , Leonid P. Pryadko

Quantum error correction (QEC) protects quantum systems against inevitable noises and control inaccuracies, providing a pathway towards fault-tolerant (FT) quantum computation. Stabilizer codes, including surface code and color code, have…

Bosonic codes have seen a resurgence in interest for applications as varied as fault tolerant quantum architectures, quantum enhanced sensing, and entanglement distribution. Cat codes have been proposed as low-level elements in larger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Michael Hanks , Soovin Lee , Nicolo Lo Piparo , Shin Nishio , William J. Munro , Kae Nemoto , M. S. Kim

Universal logic gates for two quantum bits (qubits) form an essential ingredient of quantum information processing. However, the photons, one of the best candidates for qubits, suffer from the lack of strong nonlinear coupling required for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Zhi Zhao , An-Ning Zhang , Yu-Ao Chen , Han Zhang , Jiangfeng Du , Tao Yang , Jian-Wei Pan

In recent years qubit designs such as transmons approached the fidelities of up to 0.999. However, even these devices are still insufficient for realizing quantum error correction requiring better than 0.9999 fidelity. Topologically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Andrey R. Klots , Lev B. Ioffe