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Given a set $S$ of $n$ keys, a perfect hash function for $S$ maps the keys in $S$ to the first $m \geq n$ integers without collisions. It may return an arbitrary result for any key not in $S$ and is called minimal if $m = n$. The most…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hans-Peter Lehmann , Thomas Mueller , Rasmus Pagh , Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Peter Sanders , Sebastiano Vigna , Stefan Walzer

Perfect hash functions can potentially be used to compress data in connection with a variety of data management tasks. Though there has been considerable work on how to construct good perfect hash functions, there is a gap between theory…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Fabiano C. Botelho , Rasmus Pagh , Nivio Ziviani

A minimal perfect hash function bijectively maps a key set $S$ out of a universe $U$ into the first $|S|$ natural numbers. Minimal perfect hash functions are used, for example, to map irregularly-shaped keys, such as string, in a compact…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Emmanuel Esposito , Thomas Mueller Graf , Sebastiano Vigna

Given a set S of n keys, a k-perfect hash function (kPHF) is a data structure that maps the keys to the first m integers, where each output integer can be hit by at most k input keys. When m=n/k, the resulting function is called a minimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Stefan Hermann , Sebastian Kirmayer , Hans-Peter Lehmann , Peter Sanders , Stefan Walzer

A minimal perfect hash function (MPHF) maps a set S of n keys to the first n integers without collisions. There is a lower bound of n*log(e)=1.44n bits needed to represent an MPHF. This can be reached by a brute-force algorithm that tries…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Hans-Peter Lehmann , Peter Sanders , Stefan Walzer

The monotone minimal perfect hash function (MMPHF) problem is the following indexing problem. Given a set $S= \{s_1,\ldots,s_n\}$ of $n$ distinct keys from a universe $U$ of size $u$, create a data structure $DS$ that answers the following…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Sepehr Assadi , Martin Farach-Colton , William Kuszmaul

Minimal perfect hash functions provide space-efficient and collision-free hashing on static sets. Existing algorithms and implementations that build such functions have practical limitations on the number of input elements they can process,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Antoine Limasset , Guillaume Rizk , Rayan Chikhi , Pierre Peterlongo

Minimal perfect hashing is the problem of mapping a static set of $n$ distinct keys into the address space $\{1,\ldots,n\}$ bijectively. It is well-known that $n\log_2(e)$ bits are necessary to specify a minimal perfect hash function (MPHF)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Yoshihiro Shibuya , Antoine Limasset

A minimal perfect hash function (MPHF) maps a set $S$ of $n$ keys to the first $n$ integers without collisions. There is a lower bound of $n\log_2e-O(\log n)$ bits of space needed to represent an MPHF. A matching upper bound is obtained…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Hans-Peter Lehmann , Peter Sanders , Stefan Walzer

A function $f : U \to \{0,\ldots,n-1\}$ is a minimal perfect hash function for a set $S \subseteq U$ of size $n$, if $f$ bijectively maps $S$ into the first $n$ natural numbers. These functions are important for many practical applications…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Roberto Trani

Minimal perfect hash functions (MPHFs) are used to provide efficient access to values of large dictionaries (sets of key-value pairs). Discovering new algorithms for building MPHFs is an area of active research, especially from the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Sean Weaver , Marijn Heule

Given a set $S$ of $n$ distinct keys, a function $f$ that bijectively maps the keys of $S$ into the range $\{0,\ldots,n-1\}$ is called a minimal perfect hash function for $S$. Algorithms that find such functions when $n$ is large and retain…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Roberto Trani

Given a set $K$ of $n$ keys, a minimal perfect hash function (MPHF) is a collision-free bijective map $\mathsf{H_{mphf}}$ from $K$ to $\{0, \dots, n-1\}$. This work presents a (minimal) perfect hash function that first prioritizes query…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Ragnar Groot Koerkamp

Randomised algorithms often employ methods that can fail and that are retried with independent randomness until they succeed. Randomised data structures therefore often store indices of successful attempts, called seeds. If $n$ such seeds…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Hans-Peter Lehmann , Peter Sanders , Stefan Walzer , Jonatan Ziegler

Recent advances in random linear systems on finite fields have paved the way for the construction of constant-time data structures representing static functions and minimal perfect hash functions using less space with respect to existing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-24 Marco Genuzio , Giuseppe Ottaviano , Sebastiano Vigna

Randomized algorithms and data structures are often analyzed under the assumption of access to a perfect source of randomness. The most fundamental metric used to measure how "random" a hash function or a random number generator is, is its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-23 Mathias Bæk Tejs Knudsen , Morten Stöckel

The construction of perfect hash functions is a well-studied topic. In this paper, this concept is generalized with the following definition. We say that a family of functions from $[n]$ to $[k]$ is a $\delta$-balanced $(n,k)$-family of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Noga Alon , Shai Gutner

Perfect hash functions give unique "names" to arbitrary keys requiring only a few bits per key. This is an essential building block in applications like static hash tables, databases, or bioinformatics. This paper introduces the PHast…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Piotr Beling , Peter Sanders

Consistent Hashing functions are widely used for load balancing across a variety of applications. However, the original presentation and typical implementations of Consistent Hashing rely on randomised allocation of hash codes to keys which…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Matthew Sackman

This paper considers the basic question of how strong of a probabilistic guarantee can a hash table, storing $n$ $(1 + \Theta(1)) \log n$-bit key/value pairs, offer? Past work on this question has been bottlenecked by limitations of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-19 William Kuszmaul
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