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Sparse dictionary learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful approach to extract semantically meaningful concepts from the internals of large language models (LLMs) trained mainly in the text domain. In this work, we explore whether DL can…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various tasks but face deployment challenges due to their massive computational demands. While post-training pruning methods like SparseGPT and Wanda can effectively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qiao Xiao , Alan Ansell , Boqian Wu , Lu Yin , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Shiwei Liu , Decebal Constantin Mocanu

Concept unlearning in diffusion models is hampered by feature splitting, where concepts are distributed across many latent features, making their removal challenging and computationally expensive. We introduce SAEmnesia, a supervised sparse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Enrico Cassano , Riccardo Renzulli , Marco Nurisso , Mirko Zaffaroni , Alan Perotti , Marco Grangetto

Many problems of low-level computer vision and image processing, such as denoising, deconvolution, tomographic reconstruction or super-resolution, can be addressed by maximizing the posterior distribution of a sparse linear model (SLM). We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-08-16 Matthias W. Seeger , Hannes Nickisch

Post-training large language models (LLMs) often suffers from catastrophic forgetting, where improvements on a target objective degrade previously acquired capabilities. Recent evidence suggests that this phenomenon is primarily driven by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Xinyu Wang , Changzhi Sun , Yuanbin Wu , Xiaoling Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at rewriting tasks such as text style transfer and grammatical error correction. While there is considerable overlap between the inputs and outputs in these tasks, the decoding cost still increases with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Hao Zhang , Felix Stahlberg , Shankar Kumar

Post-training for large language models (LLMs) is constrained by the high cost of acquiring new knowledge or correcting errors and by the unintended side effects that frequently arise from retraining. To address these issues, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yisu Wang , Ming Wang , Haoyuan Song , Wenjie Huang , Chaozheng Wang , Yi Xie , Xuming Ran

Deep learning has revolutionized medical imaging, but its effectiveness is severely limited by insufficient labeled training data. This paper introduces a novel GAN-based semi-supervised learning framework specifically designed for low…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Guido Manni , Clemente Lauretti , Loredana Zollo , Paolo Soda

Scaling autoregressive large language models (LLMs) has driven unprecedented progress but comes with vast computational costs. In this work, we tackle these costs by leveraging unstructured sparsity within an LLM's feedforward layers, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Edoardo Cetin , Stefano Peluchetti , Emilio Castillo , Akira Naruse , Mana Murakami , Llion Jones

Key-Value (KV) cache memory and bandwidth increasingly dominate large language model inference cost in long-context and long-generation regimes. Architectures such as multi-head latent attention (MLA) and hybrid sliding-window attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zhen Cheng , Hao-Bo Yang , Wan-Yi Huang , Jin-Long Li

Large language models (LLMs) store vast amounts of knowledge, which often requires updates to correct factual errors, incorporate newly acquired information, or adapt model behavior. Model editing methods have emerged as efficient solutions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Fufang Wen , Shichang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful and widely adopted, but their practical impact is limited by the well-known hallucination phenomenon. While recent hallucination detection methods have made notable progress, we find most of them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Boshui Chen , Zhaoxin Fan , Ke Wang , Zhiying Leng , Faguo Wu , Hongwei Zheng , Yifan Sun , Wenjun Wu

Knowledge editing, which aims to update the knowledge encoded in language models, can be deceptive. Despite the fact that many existing knowledge editing algorithms achieve near-perfect performance on conventional metrics, the models edited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jiakuan Xie , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Pre-trained large models attract widespread attention in recent years, but they face challenges in applications that require high interpretability or have limited resources, such as physical sensing, medical imaging, and bioinformatics.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Chaoqing Tang , Huanze Zhuang , Guiyun Tian , Zhenli Zeng , Yi Ding , Wenzhong Liu , Xiang Bai

Large language models show impressive abilities in memorizing world knowledge, which leads to concerns regarding memorization of private information, toxic or sensitive knowledge, and copyrighted content. We introduce the problem of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yu Wang , Ruihan Wu , Zexue He , Xiusi Chen , Julian McAuley

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to scale, post-training pruning has emerged as a promising approach to reduce computational costs while preserving performance. Existing methods such as SparseGPT and Wanda achieve high sparsity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Sai Varun Kodathala , Rakesh Vunnam

This paper introduces an efficient and robust method for discovering interpretable circuits in large language models using discrete sparse autoencoders. Our approach addresses key limitations of existing techniques, namely computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Charles O'Neill , Thang Bui

Foundational Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel across diverse tasks, but adapting them to new domains without forgetting prior knowledge remains a critical challenge. Continual Learning (CL) addresses this challenge by enabling models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Vaibhav Singh , Rahaf Aljundi , Eugene Belilovsky

Modern large-scale Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have achieved tremendous success on a wide range of downstream tasks. However, most of the LM pre-training objectives only focus on text reconstruction, but have not sought to learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Liliang Ren , Zixuan Zhang , Han Wang , Clare R. Voss , Chengxiang Zhai , Heng Ji

Continual Learning (CL) methods aim to enable machine learning models to learn new tasks without catastrophic forgetting of those that have been previously mastered. Existing CL approaches often keep a buffer of previously-seen samples,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Dong Gong , Qingsen Yan , Yuhang Liu , Anton van den Hengel , Javen Qinfeng Shi
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