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Conventional phased-array metasurfaces utilize resonant nanoparticles or nanowaveguides to specify spatially-dependent amplitude and phase responses to light. In nearly all these implementations, subwavelength-scale elements are stitched…

Optics · Physics 2017-10-17 Jianji Yang , David Sell , Jonathan A. Fan

The design space of dynamic multibody systems (MBSs), particularly those with flexible components, is considerably large. Consequently, having a means to efficiently explore this space and find the optimum solution within a feasible…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-08 Mehran Ebrahimi , Adrian Butscher , Hyunmin Cheong , Francesco Iorio

We present a computational framework for efficient optimization-based "inverse design" of large-area "metasurfaces" (subwavelength-patterned surfaces) for applications such as multi-wavelength and multi-angle optimizations, and…

Adjoint variable method in combination with gradient descent optimization has been widely used for the inverse design of nanophotonic devices. In many of such optimizations, the design region is only a small fraction of the total…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Nathan Zhao , Salim Boutami , Shanhui Fan

The advent of two-dimensional metamaterials in recent years has ushered in a revolutionary means to manipulate the behavior of light on the nanoscale. The effective parameters of these architected materials render unprecedented control over…

Optics · Physics 2018-11-14 Zhaocheng Liu , Dayu Zhu , Sean P. Rodrigues , Kyu-Tae Lee , Wenshan Cai

We present a digitized adjoint method for realizing efficient inverse design of "digital" subwavelength nanophotonic devices. We design a single-mode 3-dB power divider and a dual-mode demultiplexer to demonstrate the digitized adjoint…

Optics · Physics 2019-02-05 Xinshu Ren , Weijie Chang , Longhui Lu , Max Yan , Deming Liu , Minming Zhang

There is growing interest in engineering unconventional computing devices that leverage the intrinsic dynamics of physical substrates to perform fast and energy-efficient computations. Granular metamaterials are one such substrate that has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Atoosa Parsa , Corey S. O'Hern , Rebecca Kramer-Bottiglio , Josh Bongard

Sensitivity analysis plays an important role in searching for constitutive parameters (e.g. permeability) subsurface flow simulations. The mathematics behind is to solve a dynamic constrained optimization problem. Traditional methods like…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Shu Wang , Satish Karra , Daniel O'Malley

The conjugate gradient method is a widely used algorithm for the numerical solution of a system of linear equations. It is particularly attractive because it allows one to take advantage of sparse matrices and produces (in case of infinite…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-11-27 Sergey Voronin , Christophe Zaroli , Naresh P. Cuntoor

The design of metamaterials which support unique optical responses is the basis for most thin-film nanophotonics applications. In practice this inverse design problem can be difficult to solve systematically due to the large design…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Andrew Lininger , Michael Hinczewski , Giuseppe Strangi

Inverse design has greatly expanded nanophotonic devices and brought optimized performance. However, the use of inverse design for plasmonic structures has been challenging due to local field concentrations that can lead to errors in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-12-14 Zhou Zeng , Xianfan Xu

Metasurfaces are reshaping traditional optical paradigms and are increasingly required in complex applications that demand substantial computational resources to numerically solve Maxwell's equations-particularly for large-scale systems,…

Metasurfaces, sub-wavelength artificial structures, can control light's amplitude, phase, and polar ization, enabling applications in efficient imaging, holograms, and sensing. Recent years, AI has witnessed remarkable progress and spurred…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-22 Jiahao Yan , Jilong Yi , Churong Ma , Yanjun Bao , Qin Chen , Baojun Li

Graded metasurfaces exploit the local momentum imparted by an impedance gradient to transform the impinging wavefront. This approach suffers from fundamental limits on the overall conversion efficiency and it is challenged by fabrication…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-08-16 Younes Ra'di , Dimitrios L. Sounas , Andrea Alu

Inverse design of metasurfaces for the joint optimization of optical modulation and algorithmic decoding in computational optics presents significant challenges, especially in applications such as hyperspectral imaging. We introduce a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-28 Rongzhou Chen , Haitao Nie , Shuo Zhu , Yaping Zhao , Chutian Wang , Edmund Y. Lam

Metasurfaces are ultrathin, engineered materials composed of nanostructures that manipulate light in ways unattainable by natural materials. Recent advances have leveraged computational optimization, machine learning, and deep learning to…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-08 Hao Li , Andrey Bogdanov

In the optimization of turbomachinery components, shape sensitivities for fluid dynamical objective functions have been used for a long time. As peak stress is not a differential func- tional of the shape, such highly efficient procedures…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-02-15 Hanno Gottschalk , Mohamed Saadi , Onur Tanil Doganay , Kathrin Klamroth , Sebastian Schmitz

The inverse design of metasurfaces faces inherent challenges due to the nonlinear and highly complex relationship between geometric configurations and their electromagnetic behavior. Traditional optimization approaches often suffer from…

Metasurfaces have enabled precise electromagnetic wave manipulation with strong potential to obtain unprecedented functionalities and multifunctional behavior in flat optical devices. These advantages in precision and functionality come at…

Inverse design of large-area metasurfaces can potentially exploit the full parameter space that such devices offer and achieve highly efficient multifunctional flat optical elements. However, since practically useful flat optics elements…