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We present an extensive statistical analysis of the results of all sports competitions in five major sports leagues in England and the United States. We characterize the parity among teams by the variance in the winning fraction from…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Ben-Naim , F. Vazquez , S. Redner

Statistical applications in sports have long centered on how to best separate signal (e.g. team talent) from random noise. However, most of this work has concentrated on a single sport, and the development of meaningful cross-sport…

Applications · Statistics 2017-11-23 Michael J. Lopez , Gregory J. Matthews , Benjamin S. Baumer

We present an extensive statistical analysis of the results of all sports competitions in five major sports leagues in England and the United States. We characterize the parity among teams by the variance in the winning fraction from…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Ben-Naim , F. Vazquez , S. Redner

While autonomous racing performance in Time-Trial scenarios has seen significant progress and development, autonomous wheel-to-wheel racing and overtaking are still severely limited. These limitations are particularly apparent in real-life…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Emily Steiner , Daniel van der Spuy , Futian Zhou , Afereti Pama , Minas Liarokapis , Henry Williams

To tackle ever-increasing city traffic congestion problems, researchers have proposed deep learning models to aid decision-makers in the traffic control domain. Although the proposed models have been remarkably improved in recent years,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Hyunwook Lee , Cheonbok Park , Seungmin Jin , Hyeshin Chu , Jaegul Choo , Sungahn Ko

League competition is investigated using random processes and scaling techniques. In our model, a weak team can upset a strong team with a fixed probability. Teams play an equal number of head-to-head matches and the team with the largest…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-08-13 E. Ben-Naim , N. W. Hengartner

The efficacy of machine learning (ML) models depends on both algorithms and data. Training data defines what we want our models to learn, and testing data provides the means by which their empirical progress is measured. Benchmark datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Lora Aroyo , Matthew Lease , Praveen Paritosh , Mike Schaekermann

Many real-world classification problems are significantly class-imbalanced to detriment of the class of interest. The standard set of proper evaluation metrics is well-known but the usual assumption is that the test dataset imbalance equals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Jan Brabec , Tomáš Komárek , Vojtěch Franc , Lukáš Machlica

This paper presents an interaction-aware energy management optimization framework for Formula 1 racing. The considered scenario involves two agents and a drag reduction model. Strategic interactions between the agents are captured by a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-21 Giona Fieni , Marc-Philippe Neumann , Alessandro Zanardi , Alberto Cerofolini , Christopher H. Onder

Cricket betting is a multi-billion dollar market. Therefore, there is a strong incentive for models that can predict the outcomes of games and beat the odds provided by bookers. The aim of this study was to investigate to what degree it is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-11-19 Stylianos Kampakis , William Thomas

This paper explores improvements in prediction accuracy and inference capability when allowing for potential correlation in team-level random effects across multiple game-level responses from different assumed distributions. First-order and…

Applications · Statistics 2019-03-01 Jennifer E. Broatch , Andrew T. Karl

In the four major North American professional sports (baseball, basketball, football, and hockey), the primary purpose of the regular season is to determine which teams most deserve to advance to the playoffs. Interestingly, while the…

Applications · Statistics 2015-01-29 Julian Wolfson , Joseph S. Koopmeiners

In all competitions where results are based upon an individual's performance the question of whether the outcome is a consequence of skill or luck arises. We explore this question through an analysis of a large dataset of approximately one…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-06-09 Joseph D. O'Brien , James P. Gleeson , David J. P. O'Sullivan

Evaluating a soccer player's performance can be challenging due to the high costs and small margins involved in recruitment decisions. Raw observational statistics further complicate an accurate individual skill assessment as they do not…

Applications · Statistics 2024-12-10 Alexandre Andorra , Maximilian Göbel

Deployed supervised machine learning models make predictions that interact with and influence the world. This phenomenon is called performative prediction by Perdomo et al. (ICML 2020). It is an ongoing challenge to understand the influence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Gavin Brown , Shlomi Hod , Iden Kalemaj

Predicting the results of soccer matches is of great interest. This is not only due to the popularity of the sport and the joy of private "betting rounds", but also due to the large sports betting market. Where previously expert knowledge…

Applications · Statistics 2025-07-09 Mirko Fischer , Andreas Heuer

We investigate multi-round team competitions between two teams, where each team selects one of its players simultaneously in each round and each player can play at most once. The competition defines an extensive-form game with perfect…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-25 Kai Jin , Pingzhong Tang , Shiteng Chen

Probabilistic modeling is an effective tool for evaluating team performance and predicting outcomes in sports. However, an important question that hasn't been fully explored is whether these models can reliably reflect actual performance…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-18 Sheikh Badar Ud Din Tahir , Leonardo Egidi , Nicola Torelli

We undertake extensive analysis of English Premier League data over the period 2009/10 to 2017/18 to identify and rank key factors affecting the economic and footballing performances of the teams. Alternative end-of-season league tables are…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2024-08-12 Amit K Chattopadhyay , A. Abdul , Sudhir Jain

Problem definition: Professional sports leagues may be suspended due to various reasons such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. A critical question the league must address when re-opening is how to appropriately select a subset of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Ali Hassanzadeh , Mojtaba Hosseini , John G. Turner