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Multi-agent orchestration -- in which a hidden coordinator manages specialized worker agents -- is becoming the default architecture for enterprise AI deployment, yet the safety implications of orchestrator invisibility have never been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hiroki Fukui

The agent--tool interaction loop is a critical attack surface for modern Large Language Model (LLM) agents. Existing denial-of-service (DoS) attacks typically function at the user-prompt or retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) context layer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Kaiyu Zhou , Yongsen Zheng , Yicheng He , Meng Xue , Xueluan Gong , Yuji Wang , Xuanye Zhang , Kwok-Yan Lam

Large language models (LLMs) inference is both expensive and slow. Local caching of responses offers a practical solution to reduce the cost and latency of LLM queries. In research contexts, caching also enhances reproducibility and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yihan Dai , Dimitrios Stamatios Bouras , Haoxiang Jia , Sergey Mechtaev

This paper introduces a novel framework for simulating and analyzing how uncooperative behaviors can destabilize or collapse LLM-based multi-agent systems. Our framework includes two key components: (1) a game theory-based taxonomy of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Devang Kulshreshtha , Wanyu Du , Raghav Jain , Srikanth Doss , Hang Su , Sandesh Swamy , Yanjun Qi

LLM-based agents increasingly coordinate decisions in multi-agent systems, often attaching natural-language reasoning to actions. However, reasoning is neither free nor automatically reliable: it incurs computational cost and, without…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Feliks Bańka , Jarosław A. Chudziak

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve into persistent scientific collaborators, context window saturation has emerged as a critical bottleneck. Scientific workflows involving iterative data analysis and hypothesis refinement rapidly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Nikola Milosevic

Correct-by-design synthesis provides a principled framework for establishing formal safety guarantees for stochastic multi-agent systems (MAS). However, conventional approaches based on finite abstractions often incur prohibitive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Xinyuan Qiu , Ruohan Wang , Siyuan Liu , Sofie Haesaert

Large Language Model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems (MAS) are becoming indispensable building blocks for web-scale applications such as web search, social network analytics, and online customer support, where cost-effectiveness is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Shuowei Cai , Yansong Ning , Hao Liu

The escalating computational costs of Large Language Model (LLM) inference have become a critical barrier to their widespread and sustainable deployment. While existing optimization strategies are effective, they are predominantly based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Yilun Zhang

Large Language Models face an emerging and critical threat known as latency attacks. Because LLM inference is inherently expensive, even modest slowdowns can translate into substantial operating costs and severe availability risks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Tianyi Wang , Huawei Fan , Yuanchao Shu , Peng Cheng , Cong Wang

Agents built on large language models (LLMs) rely on a range of reliability techniques, including retry, majority voting, and self-consistency, that have been developed in parallel rather than within a common analytical framework. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hamed Omidvar , Vahideh Akhlaghi

When are multi-agent LLM systems merely a collection of individual agents versus an integrated collective with higher-order structure? We introduce an information-theoretic framework to test -- in a purely data-driven way -- whether…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Christoph Riedl

Directory-based protocols have been the de facto solution for maintaining cache coherence in shared-memory parallel systems comprising multi/many cores, where each store instruction is eagerly made globally visible by invalidating the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2012-10-09 Daofu Liu , Yunji Chen , Qi Guo , Tianshi Chen , Ling Li , Qunfeng Dong , Weiwu Hu

As modern artificial intelligence (AI) systems become more advanced and capable, they can leverage a wide range of tools and models to perform complex tasks. The task of orchestrating these models is increasingly performed by Large Language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Daria Smirnova , Hamid Nasiri , Marta Adamska , Zhengxin Yu , Peter Garraghan

Multi-tenant AI inference platforms must balance resource utilization against service-level guarantees under variable demand. Conventional approaches fail to achieve this balance: dedicated endpoints strand capacity on idle models, while…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-03 William J. Cunningham

While the cost of computation is an easy to understand local property, the cost of data movement on cached architectures depends on global state, does not compose, and is hard to predict. As a result, programmers often fail to consider the…

Performance · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Tobias Gysi , Tobias Grosser , Laurin Brandner , Torsten Hoefler

Several data warehouse and database providers have recently introduced extensions to SQL called AI Queries, enabling users to specify functions and conditions in SQL that are evaluated by LLMs, thereby broadening significantly the kinds of…

Sparse attention mechanisms aim to reduce computational overhead with minimal accuracy loss by selectively processing salient tokens. Despite their effectiveness, most methods merely exploit a model's inherent sparsity and thus plateau at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Feng Chen , Yefei He , Lequan Lin , Chenhui Gou , Jing Liu , Bohan Zhuang , Qi Wu

LLM-based Multi-Agent (LLM-MA) systems are increasingly applied to automate complex software engineering tasks such as requirements engineering, code generation, and testing. However, their operational efficiency and resource consumption…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Mohamad Salim , Jasmine Latendresse , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Emad Shihab

Multi-agent deployments of large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in market, allocation, and governance workflows, yet covert coordination among agents can silently erode trust and social welfare. Existing audits are…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Om Tailor