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Related papers: MER-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Multimoda…

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Metaphors are pervasive in communication, making them crucial for natural language processing (NLP). Previous research on automatic metaphor processing predominantly relies on training data consisting of English samples, which often reflect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Senqi Yang , Dongyu Zhang , Jing Ren , Ziqi Xu , Xiuzhen Zhang , Yiliao Song , Hongfei Lin , Feng Xia

In this paper we present a benchmark dataset generated as part of a project for automatic identification of misogyny within online content, which focuses in particular on memes. The benchmark here described is composed of 800 memes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Francesca Gasparini , Giulia Rizzi , Aurora Saibene , Elisabetta Fersini

Emotion recognition is involved in several real-world applications. With an increase in available modalities, automatic understanding of emotions is being performed more accurately. The success in Multimodal Emotion Recognition (MER),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Riccardo Franceschini , Enrico Fini , Cigdem Beyan , Alessandro Conti , Federica Arrigoni , Elisa Ricci

Based on powerful Large Language Models (LLMs), recent generative Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have gained prominence as a pivotal research area, exhibiting remarkable capability for both comprehension and generation. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Bohao Li , Rui Wang , Guangzhi Wang , Yuying Ge , Yixiao Ge , Ying Shan

Emojis are a succinct form of language which can express concrete meanings, emotions, and intentions. Emojis also carry signals that can be used to better understand communicative intent. They have become a ubiquitous part of our daily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Weicheng Ma , Ruibo Liu , Lili Wang , Soroush Vosoughi

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved exceptional performance across diverse tasks, continually surpassing previous expectations regarding their capabilities. Nevertheless, their proficiency in perceiving emotions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Daiqing Wu , Dongbao Yang , Sicheng Zhao , Can Ma , Yu Zhou

Internet audio-visual clips convey meaning through time-varying sound and motion, which extend beyond what text alone can represent. To examine whether AI models can understand such signals in human cultural contexts, we introduce AVMeme…

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on objective multimodal perception tasks, but their ability to interpret subjective, emotionally nuanced multimodal content remains largely unexplored. Thus, it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Qu Yang , Mang Ye , Bo Du

Dark humor in online memes poses unique challenges due to its reliance on implicit, sensitive, and culturally contextual cues. To address the lack of resources and methods for detecting dark humor in multimodal content, we introduce a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Sai Kartheek Reddy Kasu , Mohammad Zia Ur Rehman , Shahid Shafi Dar , Rishi Bharat Junghare , Dhanvin Sanjay Namboodiri , Nagendra Kumar

Multimodal Emotion Recognition (MER) aims to automatically identify and understand human emotional states by integrating information from various modalities. However, the scarcity of annotated multimodal data significantly hinders the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Zhixian Zhao , Haifeng Chen , Xi Li , Dongmei Jiang , Lei Xie

In different multimodal scenarios, it needs to integrate and utilize information across modalities in a specific way based on the demands of the task. Different integration ways between modalities are referred to as "multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yu Miao , Zequn Yang , Yake Wei , Ziheng Chen , Haotian Ni , Haodong Duan , Kai Chen , Di Hu

Multi-image Interleaved Reasoning aims to improve Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) ability to jointly comprehend and reason across multiple images and their associated textual contexts, introducing unique challenges beyond…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Hang Du , Jiayang Zhang , Guoshun Nan , Wendi Deng , Zhenyan Chen , Chenyang Zhang , Wang Xiao , Shan Huang , Yuqi Pan , Tao Qi , Sicong Leng

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have broadened the scope of AI applications. Existing automatic evaluation methodologies for MLLMs are mainly limited in evaluating queries without considering user experiences, inadequately…

The advances of large foundation models necessitate wide-coverage, low-cost, and zero-contamination benchmarks. Despite continuous exploration of language model evaluations, comprehensive studies on the evaluation of Large Multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Kaichen Zhang , Bo Li , Peiyuan Zhang , Fanyi Pu , Joshua Adrian Cahyono , Kairui Hu , Shuai Liu , Yuanhan Zhang , Jingkang Yang , Chunyuan Li , Ziwei Liu

Human beings have rich ways of emotional expressions, including facial action, voice, and natural languages. Due to the diversity and complexity of different individuals, the emotions expressed by various modalities may be semantically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Chuan Zhang , Daoxin Zhang , Ruixiu Zhang , Jiawei Li , Jianke Zhu

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have recently achieved remarkable progress, exhibiting impressive multimodal perception and reasoning abilities. However, effectively evaluating these large VLMs remains a major challenge, hindering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yuan Liu , Haodong Duan , Yuanhan Zhang , Bo Li , Songyang Zhang , Wangbo Zhao , Yike Yuan , Jiaqi Wang , Conghui He , Ziwei Liu , Kai Chen , Dahua Lin

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable progress in high-level semantic tasks such as visual question answering, image captioning, and emotion recognition. However, despite advancements, there remains a lack of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Shezheng Song , Chengxiang He , Shan Zhao , Chengyu Wang , Qian Wan , Tianwei Yan , Meng Wang

Humans are emotional creatures. Multiple modalities are often involved when we express emotions, whether we do so explicitly (e.g., facial expression, speech) or implicitly (e.g., text, image). Enabling machines to have emotional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-10 Sicheng Zhao , Guoli Jia , Jufeng Yang , Guiguang Ding , Kurt Keutzer

This work proposes a new challenge set for multimodal classification, focusing on detecting hate speech in multimodal memes. It is constructed such that unimodal models struggle and only multimodal models can succeed: difficult examples…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Douwe Kiela , Hamed Firooz , Aravind Mohan , Vedanuj Goswami , Amanpreet Singh , Pratik Ringshia , Davide Testuggine

Memes are a widely popular tool for web users to express their thoughts using visual metaphors. Understanding memes requires recognizing and interpreting visual metaphors with respect to the text inside or around the meme, often while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 EunJeong Hwang , Vered Shwartz