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Multimodal image-text memes are prevalent on the internet, serving as a unique form of communication that combines visual and textual elements to convey humor, ideas, or emotions. However, some memes take a malicious turn, promoting hateful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Giovanni Burbi , Alberto Baldrati , Lorenzo Agnolucci , Marco Bertini , Alberto Del Bimbo

In recent years, the growing ubiquity of Internet memes on social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, has become a topic of immense interest. However, the classification and recognition of memes is much more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Li Yuan , Jin Wang , Xuejie Zhang

Generating humorous memes is a challenging multimodal task that moves beyond direct image-to-caption supervision. It requires a nuanced reasoning over visual content, contextual cues, and subjective humor. To bridge this gap between visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xueyan Li , Yingyi Xue , Mengjie Jiang , Qingzi Zhu , Yazhe Niu

Memes are one of the most popular types of content used in an online disinformation campaign. They are primarily effective on social media platforms since they can easily reach many users. Memes in a disinformation campaign achieve their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shreenaga Chikoti , Shrey Mehta , Ashutosh Modi

Social media is abundant in visual and textual information presented together or in isolation. Memes are the most popular form, belonging to the former class. In this paper, we present our approaches for the Memotion Analysis problem as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Vishal Keswani , Sakshi Singh , Suryansh Agarwal , Ashutosh Modi

The ever-evolving social media discourse has witnessed an overwhelming use of memes to express opinions or dissent. Besides being misused for spreading malcontent, they are mined by corporations and political parties to glean the public's…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Shivam Sharma , Ramaneswaran S , Md. Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

The proliferation of multimodal memes in the social media era demands that multimodal Large Language Models (mLLMs) effectively understand meme harmfulness. Existing benchmarks for assessing mLLMs on harmful meme understanding rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zixin Chen , Hongzhan Lin , Kaixin Li , Ziyang Luo , Zhen Ye , Guang Chen , Zhiyong Huang , Jing Ma

This paper introduces MEBench, a novel benchmark for evaluating mutual exclusivity (ME) bias, a cognitive phenomenon observed in children during word learning. Unlike traditional ME tasks, MEBench further incorporates spatial reasoning to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Anh Thai , Stefan Stojanov , Zixuan Huang , Bikram Boote , James M. Rehg

Emotion recognition plays a vital role in enhancing human-computer interaction. In this study, we tackle the MER-SEMI challenge of the MER2025 competition by proposing a novel multimodal emotion recognition framework. To address the issue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Juewen Hu , Yexin Li , Jiulin Li , Shuo Chen , Pring Wong

Memes are a central part of online culture, yet their virality remains difficult to predict, especially in cross-lingual settings. We present a large-scale, time-series dataset of 46,578 Reddit memes collected from 25 meme-centric…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sedat Dogan , Nina Dethlefs , Debarati Chakraborty

Warning: This paper contains memes that may be offensive to some readers. Multimodal Internet Memes are now a ubiquitous fixture in online discourse. One strand of meme-based research is the classification of memes according to various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Muzhaffar Hazman , Susan McKeever , Josephine Griffith

Knowledge editing techniques have emerged as essential tools for updating the factual knowledge of large language models (LLMs) and multimodal models (LMMs), allowing them to correct outdated or inaccurate information without retraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yuntao Du , Kailin Jiang , Zhi Gao , Chenrui Shi , Zilong Zheng , Siyuan Qi , Qing Li

Affective Image Manipulation (AIM) aims to evoke specific emotions through targeted editing. Current image editing benchmarks primarily focus on object-level modifications in general scenarios, lacking the fine-grained granularity to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shi Chen , Xuecheng Wu , Heli Sun , Yunyun Shi , Xinyi Yin , Fengjian Xue , Jinheng Xie , Dingkang Yang , Hao Wang , Junxiao Xue , Liang He

Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) relies on the powerful LLM to perform multimodal tasks, showing amazing emergent abilities in recent studies, such as writing poems based on an image. However, it is difficult for these case studies to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Chaoyou Fu , Peixian Chen , Yunhang Shen , Yulei Qin , Mengdan Zhang , Xu Lin , Jinrui Yang , Xiawu Zheng , Ke Li , Xing Sun , Yunsheng Wu , Rongrong Ji , Caifeng Shan , Ran He

Over the past years, memes have evolved from being exclusively a medium of humorous exchanges to one that allows users to express a range of emotions freely and easily. With the ever-growing utilization of memes in expressing depressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Siddhant Agarwal , Adya Dhuler , Polly Ruhnke , Melvin Speisman , Md Shad Akhtar , Shweta Yadav

Today's Internet is awash in memes as they are humorous, satirical, or ironic which make people laugh. According to a survey, 33% of social media users in age bracket [13-35] send memes every day, whereas more than 50% send every week. Some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Shraman Pramanick , Md Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Internet memes, now a staple of digital communication, play a pivotal role in how users engage within online communities and allow researchers to gain insight into contemporary digital culture. These engaging user-generated content are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Muzhaffar Hazman , Susan McKeever , Josephine Griffith

This paper introduces a multi-label visual emotion analysis benchmark dataset for comprehensively evaluating the ability of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to predict the emotions evoked by images. Recent user studies report an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tianwei Chen , Takuya Furusawa , Yuki Hirakawa , Ryotaro Shimizu , Mo Fan , Takashi Wada

The automated detection of sexism in memes is a challenging task due to multimodal ambiguity, cultural nuance, and the use of humor to provide plausible deniability. Content-only models often fail to capture the complexity of human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Iván Arcos , Paolo Rosso , Elena Gomis-Vicent

In this work, we examine hateful memes from three complementary angles - how to detect them, how to explain their content and how to intervene them prior to being posted - by applying a range of strategies built on top of generative AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Naquee Rizwan , Subhankar Swain , Paramananda Bhaskar , Gagan Aryan , Shehryaar Shah Khan , Animesh Mukherjee