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Weaknesses in computer systems such as faults, bugs and errors in the architecture, design or implementation of software provide vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers to compromise the security of a system. Common Weakness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Siddhartha Shankar Das , Edoardo Serra , Mahantesh Halappanavar , Alex Pothen , Ehab Al-Shaer

In recent years, a proliferation of cyber-security threats and diversity has been on the rise culminating in an increase in their reporting and analysis. To counter that, many non-profit organizations have emerged in this domain, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Ashraf Haddad , Najwa Aaraj , Preslav Nakov , Septimiu Fabian Mare

Vulnerability Detection (VD) using machine learning faces a significant challenge: the vast diversity of vulnerability types. Each Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) represents a unique category of vulnerabilities with distinct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Syafiq Al Atiiq , Christian Gehrmann , Kevin Dahlén , Karim Khalil

We present a comprehensive approach for multiword expression (MWE) identification that combines binary token-level classification, linguistic feature integration, and data augmentation. Our DeBERTa-v3-large model achieves 69.8% F1 on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Diego Rossini , Lonneke van der Plas

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in understanding and analyzing code for security vulnerabilities, such as Common Weakness Enumerations (CWEs). However, their reliance on cloud infrastructure and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Md. Azizul Hakim Bappy , Hossen A Mustafa , Prottoy Saha , Rajinus Salehat

This paper presents VLAI, a transformer-based model that predicts software vulnerability severity levels directly from text descriptions. Built on RoBERTa, VLAI is fine-tuned on over 600,000 real-world vulnerabilities and achieves over 82%…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Cédric Bonhomme , Alexandre Dulaunoy

Accurate mapping between Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) and Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) entries is critical for effective vulnerability management and risk assessment. However, public databases, such as the National…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Sevval Simsek , Varsha Athreya , David Starobinski

In the domain of security, vulnerabilities frequently remain undetected even after their exploitation. In this work, vulnerabilities refer to publicly disclosed flaws documented in Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) reports.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Refat Othman , Diaeddin Rimawi , Bruno Rossi , Barbara Russo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant improvement in RTL code generation. Despite the advances, the generated code is often riddled with common vulnerabilities and weaknesses (CWEs) that can slip by untrained eyes. Attackers…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Prithwish Basu Roy , Zeng Wang , Anatolii Chuvashlov , Weihua Xiao , Johann Knechtel , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Ramesh Karri

Public security vulnerability reports (e.g., CVE reports) play an important role in the maintenance of computer and network systems. Security companies and administrators rely on information from these reports to prioritize tasks on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Guanqun Yang , Shay Dineen , Zhipeng Lin , Xueqing Liu

Security issues in shipped code can lead to unforeseen device malfunction, system crashes or malicious exploitation by crackers, post-deployment. These vulnerabilities incur a cost of repair and foremost risk the credibility of the company.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Anshul Tanwar , Hariharan Manikandan , Krishna Sundaresan , Prasanna Ganesan , Sathish Kumar Chandrasekaran , Sriram Ravi

The Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) is a prominent list of software weakness types. This list is used by vulnerability databases to describe the underlying security flaws within analyzed vulnerabilities. This linkage opens the possibility…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Peter Mell , Assane Gueye

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) represent standard means for sharing publicly known information security vulnerabilities. One or more CVEs are grouped into the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) classes for the purpose of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Ehsan Aghaei , Waseem Shadid , Ehab Al-Shaer

This paper presents VulBERTa, a deep learning approach to detect security vulnerabilities in source code. Our approach pre-trains a RoBERTa model with a custom tokenisation pipeline on real-world code from open-source C/C++ projects. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Hazim Hanif , Sergio Maffeis

Code comment classification is a critical task for automated software documentation and analysis. In the context of the NLBSE'26 Tool Competition, we present LoRA-MME, a Multi-Model Ensemble architecture utilizing Parameter-Efficient…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Md Akib Haider , Ahsan Bulbul , Nafis Fuad Shahid , Aimaan Ahmed , Mohammad Ishrak Abedin

This work describes the development of different models to detect patronising and condescending language within extracts of news articles as part of the SemEval 2022 competition (Task-4). This work explores different models based on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Jayant Chhillar

Manual vulnerability scoring, such as assigning Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) scores, is a resource-intensive process that is often influenced by subjective interpretation. This study investigates the potential of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Sima Jafarikhah , Daniel Thompson , Eva Deans , Hossein Siadati , Yi Liu

Machine learning and Large language models (LLMs) for vulnerability detection has received significant attention in recent years. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art techniques show that LLMs are unsuccessful in even distinguishing the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mohammed Sayagh , Mohammad Ghafari

Software vulnerabilities have been continually disclosed and documented. An important practice in documenting vulnerabilities is to describe the key vulnerability aspects, such as vulnerability type, root cause, affected product, impact,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Hao Guo , Zhenchang Xing , Xiaohong Li

The rapid increase in cybersecurity vulnerabilities necessitates automated tools for analyzing and classifying vulnerability reports. This paper presents a novel Vulnerability Report Classifier that leverages the BERT (Bidirectional Encoder…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Himanshu Tiwari
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