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Training LLMs for code-related tasks typically depends on high-quality code-documentation pairs, which are costly to curate and often scarce for niche programming languages. We introduce BatCoder, a self-supervised reinforcement learning…

In software reverse engineering, decompilation is the process of recovering source code from binary files. Decompilers are used when it is necessary to understand or analyze software for which the source code is not available. Although…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Javier Escalada , Ted Scully , Francisco Ortin

Accurate and robust disassembly of stripped binaries is challenging. The root of the difficulty is that high-level structures, such as instruction and function boundaries, are absent in stripped binaries and must be recovered based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Kexin Pei , Jonas Guan , David Williams-King , Junfeng Yang , Suman Jana

Automating C-to-Rust migration is critical for improving software security without sacrificing performance. Traditional rule-based methods struggle with diverse C idioms, often producing rigid and unidiomatic Rust code. Large Language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jia Feng , Wenjie Gan , Cuiyun Gao , Chaozheng Wang , Feng Luo , Xin Xia , Ge Li , Kui Liu

Code translation tools (transpilers) are developed for automatic source-to-source translation. Although learning-based transpilers have shown impressive enhancement against rule-based counterparts, owing to their task-specific pre-training…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Zhen Yang , Fang Liu , Zhongxing Yu , Jacky Wai Keung , Jia Li , Shuo Liu , Yifan Hong , Xiaoxue Ma , Zhi Jin , Ge Li

Algorithmic reasoning refers to the ability to understand the complex patterns behind the problem and decompose them into a sequence of reasoning steps towards the solution. Such nature of algorithmic reasoning makes it a challenge for…

Deobfuscating binary code remains a fundamental challenge in reverse engineering, as obfuscation is widely used to hinder analysis and conceal program logic. Although large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in recovering semantics…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Li Hu , Xiuwei Shang , Jieke Shi , Shaoyin Cheng , Junqi Zhang , Gangyang Li , Zhou Yang , Weiming Zhang , David Lo

Code translation is a crucial activity in the software development and maintenance process, and researchers have recently begun to focus on using pre-trained large language models (LLMs) for code translation. However, existing LLMs only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Minghua He , Yue Chen , Fangkai Yang , Pu Zhao , Wenjie Yin , Yu Kang , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Much software, whether beneficent or malevolent, is distributed only as binaries, sans source code. Absent source code, understanding binaries' behavior can be quite challenging, especially when compiled under higher levels of compiler…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Toufique Ahmed , Premkumar Devanbu , Anand Ashok Sawant

Code Large Language Models (Code LLMs) have excelled at tasks like code completion but often miss deeper semantics such as execution effects and dynamic states. This paper aims to bridge the gap between Code LLMs' reliance on static text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Yangruibo Ding , Jinjun Peng , Marcus J. Min , Gail Kaiser , Junfeng Yang , Baishakhi Ray

The problem of reversing the compilation process, decompilation, is an important tool in reverse engineering of computer software. Recently, researchers have proposed using techniques from neural machine translation to automate the process…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Iman Hosseini , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising approach for binary decompilation. However, the existing LLM-based decompilers still are somewhat limited in effectively presenting a program's source-level structure with its…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Hanzhuo Tan , Weihao Li , Xiaolong Tian , Siyi Wang , Jiaming Liu , Jing Li , Yuqun Zhang

The software compilation process has a tendency to obscure the original design of the system and makes it difficult both to identify individual components and discern their purpose simply by examining the resulting binary code. Although…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Sima Arasteh , Pegah Jandaghi , Nicolaas Weideman , Dennis Perepech , Mukund Raghothaman , Christophe Hauser , Luis Garcia

We address the problem of automatic decompilation, converting a program in low-level representation back to a higher-level human-readable programming language. The problem of decompilation is extremely important for security researchers.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Omer Katz , Yuval Olshaker , Yoav Goldberg , Eran Yahav

Code retrieval aims to find relevant code snippets matching natural language queries within massive codebases, playing a vital role in software development. Recent advances leverage PLMs to bridge the semantic gap between natural language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yixuan Li , Xinyi Liu , Weidong Yang , Ben Fei , Shuhao Li , Mingjie Zhou , Lipeng Ma

Representation learning of source code is essential for applying machine learning to software engineering tasks. Learning code representation from a multilingual source code dataset has been shown to be more effective than learning from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Weiguo Pian , Hanyu Peng , Xunzhu Tang , Tiezhu Sun , Haoye Tian , Andrew Habib , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

Security experts reverse engineer (decompile) binary code to identify critical security vulnerabilities. The limited access to source code in vital systems - such as firmware, drivers, and proprietary software used in Critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Dylan Manuel , Nafis Tanveer Islam , Joseph Khoury , Ana Nunez , Elias Bou-Harb , Peyman Najafirad

The machine learning and data science community has made significant while dispersive progress in accelerating transformer-based large language models (LLMs), and one promising approach is to replace the original causal attention in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Jiaping Wang , Simiao Zhang , Qiao-Chu He , Yifan Chen

Decoding continuous language from brain activity is a formidable yet promising field of research. It is particularly significant for aiding people with speech disabilities to communicate through brain signals. This field addresses the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Xinpei Zhao , Jingyuan Sun , Shaonan Wang , Jing Ye , Xiaohan Zhang , Chengqing Zong

Recent advances in LLM-based decompilers have been shown effective to convert low-level binaries into human-readable source code. However, there still lacks a comprehensive benchmark that provides large-scale binary-source function pairs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Hanzhuo Tan , Xiaolong Tian , Hanrui Qi , Jiaming Liu , Zuchen Gao , Siyi Wang , Qi Luo , Jing Li , Yuqun Zhang