English
Related papers

Related papers: Criterion-referenceability determines LLM-as-a-jud…

200 papers

Large language models (LLMs) are now widely accessible, reaching learners at all educational levels. This development has raised concerns that their use may circumvent essential learning processes and compromise the integrity of established…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-07-02 Paul Tschisgale , Holger Maus , Fabian Kieser , Ben Kroehs , Stefan Petersen , Peter Wulff

Evaluating answers from state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) is challenging: lexical metrics miss semantic nuances, whereas "LLM-as-Judge" scoring is computationally expensive. We re-evaluate a lightweight alternative --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sai Shridhar Balamurali , Lu Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated judges to evaluate recommendation systems, search engines, and other subjective tasks, where relying on human evaluators can be costly, time-consuming, and unscalable. LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Gerrit J. J. van den Burg , Gen Suzuki , Wei Liu , Murat Sensoy

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in software engineering tasks such as requirements elicitation, design, and evaluation, raising critical questions regarding their alignment with human judgments on responsible AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Asma Yamani , Malak Baslyman , Moataz Ahmed

Despite the remarkable coherence of Large Language Models (LLMs), existing evaluation methods often suffer from fluency bias and rely heavily on multiple-choice formats, making it difficult to assess factual accuracy and complex reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Raymond Bernard , Shaina Raza , Subhabrata Das , Rahul Murugan

This study evaluates the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) as an Artificial Intelligence-based tutor for a university course. In particular, different advanced techniques are utilized, such as prompt engineering,…

Previous research has shown that journal article quality ratings from the cloud based Large Language Model (LLM) families ChatGPT and Gemini and the medium sized open weights LLM Gemma3 27b correlate moderately with expert research quality…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Mike Thelwall , Ehsan Mohammadi

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) as judges is increasingly critical for building scalable and trustworthy evaluation pipelines. We present ScalingEval, a large-scale benchmarking study that systematically compares 36 LLMs, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Tao Zhang , Kehui Yao , Luyi Ma , Jiao Chen , Reza Yousefi Maragheh , Kai Zhao , Jianpeng Xu , Evren Korpeoglu , Sushant Kumar , Kannan Achan

This study investigates the estimation of reliability for large language models (LLMs) in scoring writing tasks from the AP Chinese Language and Culture Exam. Using generalizability theory, the research evaluates and compares score…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Dan Song , Won-Chan Lee , Hong Jiao

As AI-assisted grant proposals outpace manual review capacity in a kind of ``Malthusian trap'' for the research ecosystem, this paper investigates the capabilities and limitations of LLM-based grant reviewing for high-stakes evaluation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 William Thorne , Joseph James , Yang Wang , Chenghua Lin , Diana Maynard

LLM-judged benchmarks are increasingly used to evaluate complex model behaviors, yet their design introduces failure modes absent in conventional ground-truth based benchmarks. We argue that without tight objectives and verifiable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Benjamin Feuer , Chiung-Yi Tseng , Astitwa Sarthak Lathe , Oussama Elachqar , John P Dickerson

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated evaluators in natural language generation, yet it remains unclear whether they can accurately replicate human judgments of error severity. In this study, we systematically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Diege Sun , Guanyi Chen , Zhao Fan , Xiaorong Cheng , Tingting He

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used to evaluate the quality of LLM generations and responses, but this leads to significant challenges: high API costs, uncertain reliability, inflexible pipelines, and inherent biases. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Tzu-Heng Huang , Harit Vishwakarma , Frederic Sala

Prompt sensitivity, referring to the phenomenon where paraphrasing (i.e., repeating something written or spoken using different words) leads to significant changes in large language model (LLM) performance, has been widely accepted as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Andong Hua , Kenan Tang , Chenhe Gu , Jindong Gu , Eric Wong , Yao Qin

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as automated graders in educational settings, concerns about fairness and bias in their evaluations have become critical. This study investigates whether LLMs exhibit implicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Rudra Jadhav , Janhavi Danve , Sonalika Shaw

Current IR evaluation is based on relevance judgments, created either manually or automatically, with decisions outsourced to Large Language Models (LLMs). We offer an alternative paradigm, that never relies on relevance judgments in any…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Naghmeh Farzi , Laura Dietz

Citation counts remain the dominant metric for assessing research impact, yet they suffer from well-documented limitations: temporal lag, disciplinary bias, and Matthew effects. Here we propose LLM-Metrics, a research-impact assessment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Si Shen , Wenhua Zhao , Danhao Zhu

Traditional evaluation of information retrieval (IR) systems relies on human-annotated relevance labels, which can be both biased and costly at scale. In this context, large language models (LLMs) offer an alternative by allowing us to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Naghmeh Farzi , Laura Dietz

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automatic judges for summarization and dialogue evaluation. Prior work has documented biases such as position, verbosity, and style preferences, but largely focuses on outcomes, leaving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Riya Tapwal , Abhishek Kumar , Carsten Maple

Reading comprehension is a key for individual success, yet the assessment of question difficulty remains challenging due to the extensive human annotation and large-scale testing required by traditional methods such as linguistic analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yoshee Jain , John Hollander , Amber He , Sunny Tang , Liang Zhang , John Sabatini