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Emerging applications, such as big data analytics and machine learning, require increasingly large amounts of main memory, often exceeding the capacity of current commodity processors built on DRAM technology. To address this, recent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Manel Lurbe , Miguel Avargues , Salvador Petit , Maria E. Gomez , Rui Yang , Guanhao Wang , Julio Sahuquillo

As artificial intelligence advances toward artificial general intelligence (AGI), the need for robust and human-like memory systems has become increasingly evident. Current memory architectures often suffer from limited adaptability,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Linyue Cai , Yuyang Cheng , Xiaoding Shao , Huiming Wang , Yong Zhao , Wei Zhang , Kang Li

The demand for efficient machine learning (ML) accelerators is growing rapidly, driving the development of novel computing concepts such as resistive random access memory (RRAM)-based tiled computing-in-memory (CIM) architectures. CIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Rebecca Pelke , Jose Cubero-Cascante , Nils Bosbach , Felix Staudigl , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Traditional on-die, three-level cache hierarchy design is very commonly used but is also prone to latency, especially at the Level 2 (L2) cache. We discuss three distinct ways of improving this design in order to have better performance.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Pranjal Singh Rajput , Sonnya Dellarosa , Kanya Satis

The growth of machine learning (ML) workloads has underscored the importance of efficient memory hierarchies to address bandwidth, latency, and scalability challenges. HERMES focuses on optimizing memory subsystems for RISC-V architectures…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Pranav Suryadevara

In modern GPU inference, cache efficiency remains a major bottleneck, and heuristic policies such as \textsc{LRU} can perform far worse than the offline optimum. Existing learning-based caching systems improve hit rates mainly through…

Large language models (LLMs) face inherent limitations in memory, including restricted context windows, long-term knowledge forgetting, redundant information accumulation, and hallucination generation. These issues severely constrain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Deliang Wen , Ke Sun

Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence(AI) have become alternative approaches in wireless networksbeside conventional approaches such as model based solutionconcepts. Whereas traditional design concepts include the mod-elling of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-27 Raja Sattiraju , Andreas Weinand , Hans D. Schotten

PIM architectures aim to reduce data transfer costs between processors and memory by integrating processing units within memory layers. Prior PIM architectures have shown potential to improve energy efficiency and performance. However, such…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Parker Hao Tian , Zahra Yousefijamarani , Alaa Alameldeen

Machine Learning has been successfully applied in systems applications such as memory prefetching and caching, where learned models have been shown to outperform heuristics. However, the lack of understanding the inner workings of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Leon Sixt , Evan Zheran Liu , Marie Pellat , James Wexler , Milad Hashemi , Been Kim , Martin Maas

We present SmartChoices, an approach to making machine learning (ML) a first class citizen in programming languages which we see as one way to lower the entrance cost to applying ML to problems in new domains. There is a growing divide in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-17 Victor Carbune , Thierry Coppey , Alexander Daryin , Thomas Deselaers , Nikhil Sarda , Jay Yagnik

Solid-state storage architectures based on NAND or emerging memory devices (SSD), are fundamentally architected and optimized for both reliability and performance. Achieving these simultaneous goals requires co-design of memory components…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jay Sarkar , Vamsi Pavan Rayaprolu , Abhijeet Bhalerao

Hybrid intelligence aims to enhance decision-making, problem-solving, and overall system performance by combining the strengths of both, human cognitive abilities and artificial intelligence. With the rise of Large Language Models (LLM),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Daniel Geissler , Paul Lukowicz

The shift to data-intensive processing from the cloud to the edge has introduced new challenges and expectations for the next generation of intelligent computing systems. As the memory wall continues to grow, modern systems can only meet…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Denis Hoornaert , Cole Strickler , Manos Athanassoulis , Marco Caccamo , Heechul Yun , Renato Mancuso

The statelessness of foundation models bottlenecks agentic systems' ability to continually learn, a core capability for long-horizon reasoning and adaptation. To address this limitation, agentic systems commonly incorporate memory modules…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yiming Xiong , Shengran Hu , Jeff Clune

Machine learning has enabled significant benefits in diverse fields, but, with a few exceptions, has had limited impact on computer architecture. Recent work, however, has explored broader applicability for design, optimization, and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Drew D. Penney , Lizhong Chen

Long-latency load requests continue to limit the performance of high-performance processors. To increase the latency tolerance of a processor, architects have primarily relied on two key techniques: sophisticated data prefetchers and large…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Rahul Bera , Konstantinos Kanellopoulos , Shankar Balachandran , David Novo , Ataberk Olgun , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Onur Mutlu

The impressive performance gains of modern language models currently rely on scaling parameters: larger models store more world knowledge and reason better. Yet compressing all world knowledge into parameters is unnecessary, as only a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hadi Pouransari , David Grangier , C Thomas , Michael Kirchhof , Oncel Tuzel

Cache prefetcher greatly eliminates compulsory cache misses, by fetching data from slower memory to faster cache before it is actually required by processors. Sophisticated prefetchers predict next use cache line by repeating program's…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Haoyuan Wang , Zhiwei Luo

Matrix multiplication is the dominant computation during Machine Learning (ML) inference. To efficiently perform such multiplication operations, Compute-in-memory (CiM) paradigms have emerged as a highly energy efficient solution. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Tanvi Sharma , Mustafa Ali , Indranil Chakraborty , Kaushik Roy