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Because of its high data density and longevity, DNA is emerging as a promising candidate for satisfying increasing data storage needs. Compared to conventional storage media, however, data stored in DNA is subject to a wider range of errors…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Yuanyuan Tang , Farzad Farnoud

The short lifespan of traditional data storage media, coupled with an exponential increase in storage demand, has made long-term archival a fundamental problem in the data storage industry and beyond. Consequently, researchers are looking…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-06 Xavier Pic , Nimesh Pinnamaneni , Raja Appuswamy

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) as a storage medium with high density and long-term preservation properties can satisfy the requirement of archival storage for rapidly increased digital volume. The read and write processes of DNA storage are…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Bingzhe Li , Li Ou , David Du

DNA has many valuable characteristics that make it suitable for a long-term storage medium, in particular its durability and high information density. DNA can be stored safely for hundreds of years with virtually no degradation, in contrast…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-31 Jamie J. Alnasir , Thomas Heinis , Louis Carteron

Synthetic DNA can in principle be used for the archival storage of arbitrary data. Because errors are introduced during DNA synthesis, storage, and sequencing, an error-correcting code (ECC) is necessary for error-free recovery of the data.…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-12-05 William H. Press , John A. Hawkins

We study the amount of reliable information that can be stored in a DNA-based storage system with noisy sequencing, where each codeword is composed of short DNA molecules. We analyze a concatenated coding scheme, where the outer code is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ran Tamir , Nir Weinberger , Albert Guillén i Fàbregas

Over the past years, the ever-growing trend on data storage demand, more specifically for "cold" data (i.e. rarely accessed), has motivated research for alternative systems of data storage. Because of its biochemical characteristics,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-11 Xavier Pic , Eva Gil San Antonio , Melpomeni Dimopoulou , Marc Antonini

We provide an overview of current approaches to DNA-based storage system design and accompanying synthesis, sequencing and editing methods. We also introduce and analyze a suite of new constrained coding schemes for both archival and random…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-07-08 S. M. Hossein Tabatabaei Yazdi , Han Mao Kiah , Eva Ruiz Garcia , Jian Ma , Huimin Zhao , Olgica Milenkovic

Over the past years, the ever-growing trend on data storage demand, more specifically for "cold" data (i.e. rarely accessed), has motivated research for alternative systems of data storage. Because of its biochemical characteristics,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-15 Xavier Pic , Melpomeni Dimopoulou , Eva Gil San Antonio , Marc Antonini

The emerging field of DNA storage employs strands of DNA bases (A/T/C/G) as a storage medium for digital information to enable massive density and durability. The DNA storage pipeline includes: (1) encoding the raw data into sequences of…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-28 Hadas Abraham , Barak Gahtan , Adir Kobovich , Orian Leitersdorf , Alex M. Bronstein , Eitan Yaakobi

Exponential increase of data has motivated advances of data storage technologies. As a promising storage media, DeoxyriboNucleic Acid (DNA) storage provides a much higher data density and superior durability, compared with state-of-the-art…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Luping Xiang , Qiang Liu , Sirong Chen , Kang Yan , Wenfeng Wu , Kun Yang

DNA emerges as a promising medium for the exponential growth of digital data due to its density and durability. This study extends recent research by addressing the \emph{coverage depth problem} in practical scenarios, exploring optimal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Hadas Abraham , Rayn Gabrys , Eitan Yaakobi

The exponential increase in storage demand and low lifespan of data storage devices has resulted in long-term archival and preservation emerging as a critical bottlenecks in data storage. In order to meet this demand, researchers are now…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-22 Xavier Pic , Raja Appuswamy

Ever since deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was considered as a next-generation data-storage medium, lots of research efforts have been made to correct errors occurred during the synthesis, storage, and sequencing processes using error…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Jaeho Jeong , Hosung Park , Hee-Youl Kwak , Jong-Seon No , Hahyeon Jeon , Jeong Wook Lee , Jae-Won Kim

DNA Data storage has recently attracted much attention due to its durable preservation and extremely high information density (bits per gram) properties. In this work, we propose a hybrid coding strategy comprising of generalized…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Yixin Wang , Li Deng , Md. Noor-A-Rahim , Erry Gunawan , Yong L. Guan , Zhi P. Shi , Chueh L. Poh

In the current era, DeoxyriboNucleic Acid (DNA) based data storage emerges as an intriguing approach, garnering substantial academic interest and investigation. This paper introduces a novel deep joint source-channel coding (DJSCC) scheme…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Wenfeng Wu , Luping Xiang , Qiang Liu , Kun Yang

The synthesis of DNA strands remains the most costly part of the DNA storage system. Thus, to make DNA storage system more practical, the time and materials used in the synthesis process have to be optimized. We consider the most common…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Johan Chrisnata , Han Mao Kiah , Van Long Phuoc Pham

We consider error-correcting coding for DNA-based storage. We model the DNA storage channel as a multi-draw IDS channel where the input data is chunked into $M$ short DNA strands, which are copied a random number of times, and the channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Lorenz Welter , Issam Maarouf , Andreas Lenz , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Eirik Rosnes , Alexandre Graell i Amat

DNA data storage offers a high-density, long-term alternative to traditional storage systems, addressing the exponential growth of digital data. Composite DNA extends this paradigm by leveraging mixtures of nucleotides to increase storage…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Busra Tegin , Tolga M Duman

In the emerging field of DNA storage, data is encoded as DNA sequences and stored. The data is read out again by sequencing the stored DNA. Nanopore sequencing is a new sequencing technology that has many advantages over other methods; in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Reyna Hulett , Shubham Chandak , Mary Wootters