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In aligning large language models (LLMs), utilizing feedback from existing advanced AI rather than humans is an important method to scale supervisory signals. However, it is highly challenging for AI to understand human intentions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Rong Bao , Rui Zheng , Shihan Dou , Xiao Wang , Enyu Zhou , Bo Wang , Qi Zhang , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping many societal domains, raising critical questions about its risks, benefits, and the potential misalignment between public and academic perspectives. This study examines how the general public…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Philipp Brauner , Felix Glawe , Gian Luca Liehner , Luisa Vervier , Martina Ziefle

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have opened new avenues for accelerating scientific research. While models are increasingly capable of assisting with routine tasks, their ability to contribute to novel, expert-level…

The volume of scientific submissions continues to climb, outpacing the capacity of qualified human referees and stretching editorial timelines. At the same time, modern large language models (LLMs) offer impressive capabilities in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jialiang Wang , Yuchen Liu , Hang Xu , Kaichun Hu , Shimin Di , Wangze Ni , Linan Yue , Min-Ling Zhang , Kui Ren , Lei Chen

The success of AI assistants based on language models (LLMs) hinges crucially on Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), which enables the generation of responses more aligned with human preferences. As universal AI assistants,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Rui Zheng , Wei Shen , Yuan Hua , Wenbin Lai , Shihan Dou , Yuhao Zhou , Zhiheng Xi , Xiao Wang , Haoran Huang , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Generative AI models, including large language models and multimodal models that include text and other media, are on the cusp of transforming many aspects of modern life, including entertainment, education, civic life, the arts, and a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Meredith Ringel Morris

Given the remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), an important question arises: Can LLMs conduct human-like scientific research and discover new knowledge, and act as an AI scientist? Scientific discovery is an iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Tingting Chen , Srinivas Anumasa , Beibei Lin , Vedant Shah , Anirudh Goyal , Dianbo Liu

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) is propelling automated scientific discovery to the next level, with LLM-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) Scientist systems now taking the lead in scientific research. Several influential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Qiujie Xie , Yixuan Weng , Minjun Zhu , Fuchen Shen , Shulin Huang , Zhen Lin , Jiahui Zhou , Zilan Mao , Zijie Yang , Linyi Yang , Jian Wu , Yue Zhang

Reinforcement learning with AI feedback (RLAIF) is a popular paradigm for improving the instruction-following abilities of powerful pre-trained language models. RLAIF first performs supervised fine-tuning (SFT) using demonstrations from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Archit Sharma , Sedrick Keh , Eric Mitchell , Chelsea Finn , Kushal Arora , Thomas Kollar

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has proven effective in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, but gathering high-quality preference labels is expensive. RL from AI Feedback (RLAIF), introduced in…

Computer programming (coding) is indispensable for researchers across disciplines, yet it remains challenging to learn and time-consuming to carry out. Generative AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), has the potential to transform…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Tonghe Zhuang , Zhicheng Lin

This study examines how students integrate generative artificial intelligence (AI) into design projects through the lens of the SuperSkillsStack framework, which identifies four key human competencies for effective human-AI collaboration:…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Qian Huang , King Wang Poon

For AI systems to be useful to humans, they must understand and act in accordance with our values and preferences. Since specifying preferences is a hard task, inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) aims to develop methods that allow for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Karim Abdel Sadek , Mark Bedaywi , Rhys Gould , Stuart Russell

Despite the widespread availability of large language models (LLMs) in higher education, instructors vary substantially in their adoption and use of these tools, and the reasons for this variation remain poorly understood. A mixed-methods…

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit surprisingly diverse risk preferences when acting as AI decision makers, a crucial characteristic whose origins remain poorly understood despite their expanding economic roles. We analyze 50 LLMs using…

General Economics · Economics 2025-06-11 Shumiao Ouyang , Hayong Yun , Xingjian Zheng

Reasoning is a cognitive process of using evidence to reach a sound conclusion. The reasoning capability is essential for large language models (LLMs) to serve as the brain of the artificial general intelligence agent. Recent studies reveal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Peiyi Wang , Lei Li , Liang Chen , Feifan Song , Binghuai Lin , Yunbo Cao , Tianyu Liu , Zhifang Sui

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used for complex research tasks such as literature review, idea generation, and scientific paper analysis, yet their ability to truly understand and process the intricate relationships…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Shashidhar Reddy Javaji , Yupeng Cao , Haohang Li , Yangyang Yu , Nikhil Muralidhar , Zining Zhu

Inspired by the exceptional general intelligence of Large Language Models (LLMs), researchers have begun to explore their application in pioneering the next generation of recommender systems - systems that are conversational, explainable,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Wensheng Lu , Jianxun Lian , Wei Zhang , Guanghua Li , Mingyang Zhou , Hao Liao , Xing Xie

We investigate how to teach large language models (LLMs) to perform scientific reasoning by leveraging expert discussions as a learning signal. Focusing on the genomics domain, we develop an automated pipeline to extract trainable data and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Ming Yin , Yuanhao Qu , Ling Yang , Le Cong , Mengdi Wang

The rapid growth of AI for Science (AI4S) has underscored the significance of scientific datasets, leading to the establishment of numerous national scientific data centers and sharing platforms. Despite this progress, efficiently promoting…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Qingqing Long , Haotian Chen , Chenyang Zhao , Xiaolei Du , Xuezhi Wang , Pengyao Wang , Chengzan Li , Yuanchun Zhou , Hengshu Zhu