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World models promise a paradigm shift in robotics, where an agent learns the underlying physics of its environment once to enable efficient planning and behavior learning. However, current world models are often hardware-locked specialists:…

Cross-embodiment learning seeks to build generalist robots that operate across diverse morphologies, but differences in action spaces and kinematics hinder data sharing and policy transfer. This raises a central question: Is there any…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zihao He , Bo Ai , Tongzhou Mu , Yulin Liu , Weikang Wan , Jiawei Fu , Yilun Du , Henrik I. Christensen , Hao Su

Heterogeneity in sensors and actuators across environments poses a significant challenge to building large-scale pre-trained world models on top of this low-dimensional sensor information. In this work, we explore pre-training world models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Shaofeng Yin , Jialong Wu , Siqiao Huang , Xingjian Su , Xu He , Jianye Hao , Mingsheng Long

Robotic world models are a promising paradigm for forecasting future environment states, yet their inference speed and the physical plausibility of generated trajectories remain critical bottlenecks, limiting their real-world applications.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Sibo Li , Qianyue Hao , Yu Shang , Yong Li

Language model (LM)-based embodied agents are increasingly deployed in real-world settings. Yet, their adaptability remains limited in dynamic environments, where constructing accurate and flexible world models is crucial for effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jinwoo Jang , Minjong Yoo , Sihyung Yoon , Honguk Woo

World models, which are predictive representations of how environments evolve under actions, have become a central component of robot learning. They support policy learning, planning, simulation, evaluation, data generation, and have…

Imitation learning has emerged as a promising approach towards building generalist robots. However, scaling imitation learning for large robot foundation models remains challenging due to its reliance on high-quality expert demonstrations.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Chuning Zhu , Raymond Yu , Siyuan Feng , Benjamin Burchfiel , Paarth Shah , Abhishek Gupta

Legged locomotion over various terrains is challenging and requires precise perception of the robot and its surroundings from both proprioception and vision. However, learning directly from high-dimensional visual input is often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Hang Lai , Jiahang Cao , Jiafeng Xu , Hongtao Wu , Yunfeng Lin , Tao Kong , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Humanoid robot loco-manipulation remains constrained by the semantic-physical gap. Current methods face three limitations: Low sample efficiency in reinforcement learning, poor generalization in imitation learning, and physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yutong Shen , Hangxu Liu , Kailin Pei , Ruizhe Xia , Tongtong Feng

World modelling, i.e. building a representation of the rules that govern the world so as to predict its evolution, is an essential ability for any agent interacting with the physical world. Recent applications of the Transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Francesco Petri , Luigi Asprino , Aldo Gangemi

Current world models lack a unified and controlled setting for systematic evaluation, making it difficult to assess whether they truly capture the underlying rules that govern environment dynamics. In this work, we address this open…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Xinyi Li , Zaishuo Xia , Weyl Lu , Chenjie Hao , Yubei Chen

Learning robust and generalizable world models is crucial for enabling efficient and scalable robotic control in real-world environments. In this work, we introduce a novel framework for learning world models that accurately capture…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chenhao Li , Andreas Krause , Marco Hutter

A World Model is a compressed spatial and temporal representation of a real world environment that allows one to train an agent or execute planning methods. However, world models are typically trained on observations from the real world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Fabio Ferreira , Moreno Schlageter , Raghu Rajan , Andre Biedenkapp , Frank Hutter

To safely navigate intricate real-world scenarios, autonomous vehicles must be able to adapt to diverse road conditions and anticipate future events. World model (WM) based reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Dechen Gao , Shuangyu Cai , Hanchu Zhou , Hang Wang , Iman Soltani , Junshan Zhang

The ability to perceive and reason about individual objects and their interactions is a goal to be achieved for building intelligent artificial systems. State-of-the-art approaches use a feedforward encoder to extract object embeddings and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Jonathan Collu , Riccardo Majellaro , Aske Plaat , Thomas M. Moerland

World models are central to building agents that can reason, plan, and generalize beyond their training data. However, research on world models is currently fragmented, with disparate codebases, data pipelines, and evaluation protocols…

Training robot policies within a learned world model is trending due to the inefficiency of real-world interactions. The established image-based world models and policies have shown prior success, but lack robust geometric information that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Guanxing Lu , Baoxiong Jia , Puhao Li , Yixin Chen , Ziwei Wang , Yansong Tang , Siyuan Huang

Differential drive robots are widely used in various scenarios thanks to their straightforward principle, from household service robots to disaster response field robots. There are several types of driving mechanisms for real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Mengke Zhang , Nanhe Chen , Hu Wang , Jianxiong Qiu , Zhichao Han , Qiuyu Ren , Chao Xu , Fei Gao , Yanjun Cao

Evaluating robotics policies across thousands of environments and thousands of tasks is infeasible with existing approaches. This motivates the need for a new methodology for scalable robotics policy evaluation. In this paper, we propose…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yaxuan Li , Zhongyi Zhou , Yefei Chen , Yaokai Xue , Yichen Zhu

Generative world models (WMs) can now simulate worlds with striking visual realism, which naturally raises the question of whether they can endow embodied agents with predictive perception for decision making. Progress on this question has…

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