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Multi-robot task planning requires decomposing natural-language instructions into executable actions for heterogeneous robot teams. Conventional Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) planners provide rigorous guarantees but struggle to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Tomoya Kawabe , Rin Takano

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in decision-making tasks, but struggle significantly with complex, long-horizon planning scenarios. This arises from their lack of macroscopic guidance,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Ziyue Li , Yuan Chang , Gaihong Yu , Xiaoqiu Le

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for planning tasks, offering unique capabilities not found in classical planners such as generating explanations and iterative refinement. However, trust--a critical factor in the adoption…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Shenghui Chen , Yunhao Yang , Kayla Boggess , Seongkook Heo , Lu Feng , Ufuk Topcu

Language agents based on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great promise in automating web-based tasks. Recent work has shown that incorporating advanced planning algorithms, e.g., tree search, is advantageous over reactive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yu Gu , Kai Zhang , Yuting Ning , Boyuan Zheng , Boyu Gou , Tianci Xue , Cheng Chang , Sanjari Srivastava , Yanan Xie , Peng Qi , Huan Sun , Yu Su

Large Language Models have been found to create plans that are neither executable nor verifiable in grounded environments. An emerging line of work demonstrates success in using the LLM as a formalizer to generate a formal representation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Cassie Huang , Li Zhang

Developing autonomous agents for web-based tasks is a core challenge in AI. While Large Language Model (LLM) agents can interpret complex user requests, they often operate as black boxes, making it difficult to diagnose why they fail or how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Orit Shahnovsky , Rotem Dror

Intrigued by the claims of emergent reasoning capabilities in LLMs trained on general web corpora, in this paper, we set out to investigate their planning capabilities. We aim to evaluate (1) how good LLMs are by themselves in generating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Karthik Valmeekam , Sarath Sreedharan , Matthew Marquez , Alberto Olmo , Subbarao Kambhampati

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) are fostering their integration into several reasoning-related fields, including Automated Planning (AP). However, their integration into Hierarchical Planning (HP), a subfield of AP that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Israel Puerta-Merino , Carlos Núñez-Molina , Pablo Mesejo , Juan Fernández-Olivares

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational to modern AI agent systems, enabling autonomous agents to reason and plan. In most existing systems, inter-agent communication relies primarily on natural language. While this design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Pengcheng Zhou , Yinglun Feng , Halimulati Julaiti , Zhongliang Yang

Planning represents a fundamental capability of intelligent agents, requiring comprehensive environmental understanding, rigorous logical reasoning, and effective sequential decision-making. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Pengfei Cao , Tianyi Men , Wencan Liu , Jingwen Zhang , Xuzhao Li , Xixun Lin , Dianbo Sui , Yanan Cao , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Recent mechanistic studies suggest that large language models (LLMs) may utilize their depth inefficiently in standard single-turn tasks. Whether this still holds in autonomous agent settings, where models must perform multi-turn planning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhenyu Cui , Xiangzhong Luo

In recent advancements, large language models (LLMs) have exhibited proficiency in code generation and chain-of-thought reasoning, laying the groundwork for tackling automatic formal planning tasks. This study evaluates the potential of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Kaustubh Vyas , Damien Graux , Sébastien Montella , Pavlos Vougiouklis , Ruofei Lai , Keshuang Li , Yang Ren , Jeff Z. Pan

Recent advancements on Large Language Models (LLMs) enable AI Agents to automatically generate and execute multi-step plans to solve complex tasks. However, since LLM's content generation process is hardly controllable, current LLM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zelong Li , Wenyue Hua , Hao Wang , He Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

Case-based reasoning is a cornerstone of U.S. legal practice, requiring professionals to argue about a current case by drawing analogies to and distinguishing from past precedents. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Li Zhang , Matthias Grabmair , Morgan Gray , Kevin Ashley

Classical planning formulations like the Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) admit action sequences guaranteed to achieve a goal state given an initial state if any are possible. However, reasoning problems defined in PDDL do not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-27 David Bai , Ishika Singh , David Traum , Jesse Thomason

Task planning, the problem of sequencing actions to reach a goal from an initial state, is a core capability requirement for autonomous robotic systems. Whether large language models (LLMs) can serve as viable planners alongside classical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Kai Göbel , Pierrick Lorang , Patrik Zips , Tobias Glück

Despite recent advances, LLM-based web agents still struggle with limited exploration, omission of critical steps, and sensitivity to task constraints. Prior work suggests that many of these failures stem from weaknesses in planning, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Alejandra Zambrano , Sara Vera Marjanovic , Imene Kerboua , Xing Han Lù , Leila Kosseim

Large Language Model (LLM) agents, which integrate planning, memory, reflection, and tool-use modules, have shown promise in solving complex, multi-step tasks. Yet their sophisticated architectures amplify vulnerability to cascading…

While Large Language Models (LLM) enable non-experts to specify open-world multi-robot tasks, the generated plans often lack kinematic feasibility and are not efficient, especially in long-horizon scenarios. Formal methods like Linear…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Shuyuan Hu , Tao Lin , Kai Ye , Yang Yang , Tianwei Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in automating data analysis tasks, yet open-source models face significant limitations in these kinds of reasoning-intensive scenarios. In this work, we investigate strategies to enhance the data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuqi Zhu , Yi Zhong , Jintian Zhang , Ziheng Zhang , Shuofei Qiao , Yujie Luo , Lun Du , Da Zheng , Ningyu Zhang , Huajun Chen
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