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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at recognizing individual visual elements and reasoning over simple linear diagrams. However, when faced with complex topological structures involving branching paths, converging flows, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Qiang Xu , Shengyuan Bai , Yu Wang , He Cao , Leqing Chen , Yuanyuan Liu , Bin Feng , Zijing Liu , Yu Li

Datasets used for emotion recognition tasks typically contain overt cues that can be used in predicting the emotions expressed in a text. However, one challenge is that texts sometimes contain covert contextual cues that are rich in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Gerard Christopher Yeo , Kokil Jaidka

The SemEval-2025 Task 11, Bridging the Gap in Text-Based Emotion Detection, introduces an emotion recognition challenge spanning over 28 languages. This competition encourages researchers to explore more advanced approaches to address the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Tian Li , Yujian Sun , Huizhi Liang

The recent advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is transforming human-computer interaction (HCI) from surface-level exchanges into more nuanced and emotionally intelligent communication. To realize this shift, emotion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hyeongseop Rha , Jeong Hun Yeo , Yeonju Kim , Yong Man Ro

Multimodal emotion recognition plays a key role in many domains, including mental health monitoring, educational interaction, and human-computer interaction. However, existing methods often face three major challenges: unbalanced category…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Feng Li , Ke Wu , Yongwei Li

Multimodal Emotion Recognition (MER) is critical for interpreting real-world interactions. While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) have shown promise in MER, their internal decision-making mechanisms under modality conflict and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yueru Sun , Yimeng Zhang , Haoyu Gu , Nuo Chen , Dong She , Xianrong Yao , Yang Gao , Zhanpeng Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities across numerous disciplines, primarily assessed through tasks in language generation, knowledge utilization, and complex reasoning. However, their alignment with human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Xuena Wang , Xueting Li , Zi Yin , Yue Wu , Liu Jia

A key challenge for Emotion Recognition in Conversations (ERC) is to distinguish semantically similar emotions. Some works utilise Supervised Contrastive Learning (SCL) which uses categorical emotion labels as supervision signals and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Kailai Yang , Tianlin Zhang , Hassan Alhuzali , Sophia Ananiadou

In terms of human-computer interaction, it is becoming more and more important to correctly understand the user's emotional state in a conversation, so the task of multimodal emotion recognition (MER) started to receive more attention.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Wei Ai , FuChen Zhang , Tao Meng , YunTao Shou , HongEn Shao , Keqin Li

The emergence of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) advances multimodal emotion recognition (MER) to the next level, from naive discriminative tasks to complex emotion understanding with advanced video understanding abilities and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Zheng Lian , Haoyu Chen , Lan Chen , Haiyang Sun , Licai Sun , Yong Ren , Zebang Cheng , Bin Liu , Rui Liu , Xiaojiang Peng , Jiangyan Yi , Jianhua Tao

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) has become a growing focus of research in human-computer interaction. An essential challenge in SER is to extract common attributes from different speakers or languages, especially when a specific source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Xin-Cheng Wen , Jia-Xin Ye , Yan Luo , Yong Xu , Xuan-Ze Wang , Chang-Li Wu , Kun-Hong Liu

We present an open-source benchmark and evaluation framework for assessing emotional boundary handling in Large Language Models (LLMs). Using a dataset of 1156 prompts across six languages, we evaluated three leading LLMs (GPT-4o,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 David Noever , Grant Rosario

Sentiment analysis and emotion detection are important research topics in natural language processing (NLP) and benefit many downstream tasks. With the widespread application of LLMs, researchers have started exploring the application of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Zhiwei Liu , Kailai Yang , Tianlin Zhang , Qianqian Xie , Sophia Ananiadou

Emotion understanding is a critical yet challenging task. Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced their capabilities in this area. However, MLLMs often suffer from hallucinations, generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Bohao Xing , Xin Liu , Guoying Zhao , Chengyu Liu , Xiaolan Fu , Heikki Kälviäinen

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong average performance yet remain unreliable at the instance level, with frequent hallucinations, brittle failures, and poorly calibrated confidence. We study reliability through the lens of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Pranav Kallem

Achieving human-like perception and reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains a central challenge in artificial intelligence. While recent research has primarily focused on enhancing reasoning capabilities in MLLMs, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Hongcheng Gao , Zihao Huang , Lin Xu , Jingyi Tang , Xinhao Li , Yue Liu , Haoyang Li , Taihang Hu , Minhua Lin , Xinlong Yang , Ge Wu , Balong Bi , Hongyu Chen , Wentao Zhang

Background: Mentalization integrates cognitive, affective, and intersubjective components. Large Language Models (LLMs) display an increasing ability to generate reflective texts, raising questions regarding the relationship between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Stefano Epifani , Giuliano Castigliego , Laura Kecskemeti , Giuliano Razzicchia , Elisabeth Seiwald-Sonderegger

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable performance across various language understanding tasks. While emerging benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate LLMs in various domains such as mathematics and computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Junnan Dong , Zijin Hong , Yuanchen Bei , Feiran Huang , Xinrun Wang , Xiao Huang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate increasingly sophisticated affective capabilities, the internal mechanisms by which they process complex emotions remain unclear. Existing interpretability approaches often treat models as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Yitong Shou , Manhao Guan

This paper explores the integration of human-like emotions and ethical considerations into Large Language Models (LLMs). We first model eight fundamental human emotions, presented as opposing pairs, and employ collaborative LLMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Edward Y. Chang