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The foundational capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are deeply influenced by the quality of their pre-training corpora. However, enhancing data quality at scale remains a significant challenge, primarily due to the trade-off…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Baolong Bi , Shenghua Liu , Xingzhang Ren , Dayiheng Liu , Junyang Lin , Yiwei Wang , Lingrui Mei , Junfeng Fang , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

The performance of a large language model (LLM) depends heavily on the quality and size of its pretraining dataset. However, the pretraining datasets for state-of-the-art open LLMs like Llama 3 and Mixtral are not publicly available and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Guilherme Penedo , Hynek Kydlíček , Loubna Ben allal , Anton Lozhkov , Margaret Mitchell , Colin Raffel , Leandro Von Werra , Thomas Wolf

Large volumes of text data have contributed significantly to the development of large language models (LLMs) in recent years. This data is typically acquired by scraping the internet, leading to pretraining datasets comprised of noisy web…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Max Marion , Ahmet Üstün , Luiza Pozzobon , Alex Wang , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

Dataset curation has become a basis for strong large language model (LLM) performance. While various rule-based filtering heuristics exist for English and multilingual datasets, model-based filtering techniques have primarily focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Bettina Messmer , Vinko Sabolčec , Martin Jaggi

Federated fine-tuning of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE)-based large language models (LLMs) is challenging due to their massive computational requirements and the resource constraints of participants. Existing working attempts to fill this gap…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Fahao Chen , Jie Wan , Peng Li , Zhou Su , Dongxiao Yu

Pre-training state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) requires vast amounts of clean and diverse text data. While the open development of large high-quality English pre-training datasets has seen substantial recent progress, training…

High-quality training data is fundamental to large language model (LLM) performance, yet existing preprocessing pipelines often struggle to effectively remove noise and unstructured content from web-scale corpora. This paper presents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Gowtham , Sai Rupesh , Sanjay Kumar , Saravanan , Venkata Chaithanya

Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) offer a compelling alternative to Auto-Regressive models, but their deployment is constrained by high decoding cost. In this work, we identify a key inefficiency in DLLM decoding: while computation is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Kaihua Liang , Xin Tan , An Zhong , Hong Xu , Marco Canini

Data quality has become a key factor in enhancing model performance with the rapid development of large language models (LLMs). Model-driven data filtering has increasingly become a primary approach for acquiring high-quality data. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Yudong Wang , Zixuan Fu , Jie Cai , Peijun Tang , Hongya Lyu , Yewei Fang , Zhi Zheng , Jie Zhou , Guoyang Zeng , Chaojun Xiao , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu

Large-scale models are pretrained on massive web-crawled datasets containing documents of mixed quality, making data filtering essential. A popular method is Classifier-based Quality Filtering (CQF), which trains a binary classifier to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Thiziri Nait Saada , Louis Bethune , Michal Klein , David Grangier , Marco Cuturi , Pierre Ablin

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across multiple clients while preserving data privacy. Traditional FL methods often use a global model to fit all clients, assuming that clients' data are independent and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Dario Fenoglio , Mohan Li , Pietro Barbiero , Nicholas D. Lane , Marc Langheinrich , Martin Gjoreski

The performance of large language models (LLMs) in program synthesis and mathematical reasoning is fundamentally limited by the quality of their pre-training corpora. We introduce two openly licensed pre-training datasets, released under…

Data-centric training has emerged as a promising direction for improving large language models (LLMs) by optimizing not only model parameters but also the selection, composition, and weighting of training data during optimization. However,…

The performance emergence of large language models (LLMs) driven by data scaling laws makes the selection of pre-training data increasingly important. However, existing methods rely on limited heuristics and human intuition, lacking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Ru Peng , Kexin Yang , Yawen Zeng , Junyang Lin , Dayiheng Liu , Junbo Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in code generation tasks. However, there remains a performance gap between open-source and closed-source models. To address this gap, existing approaches typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Weijie Lv , Xuan Xia , Sheng-Jun Huang

We present NanoFlux, a novel adversarial framework for generating targeted training data to improve LLM reasoning, where adversarially-generated datasets containing fewer than 200 examples outperform conventional fine-tuning approaches. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Raviteja Anantha , Soheil Hor , Teodor Nicola Antoniu , Layne C. Price

A fine-grained data recipe is crucial for pre-training large language models, as it can significantly enhance training efficiency and model performance. One important ingredient in the recipe is to select samples based on scores produced by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Ziqing Fan , Yuqiao Xian , Yan Sun , Li Shen

Large language models are commonly trained on a mixture of filtered web data and curated high-quality corpora, such as social media conversations, books, or technical papers. This curation process is believed to be necessary to produce…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success through imitation learning on vast text corpora, but this paradigm creates a training-generation gap and limits robust reasoning. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhepeng Cen , Haolin Chen , Shiyu Wang , Zuxin Liu , Zhiwei Liu , Jielin Qiu , Ding Zhao , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Huan Wang , Weiran Yao

Large deep learning models have demonstrated strong ability to solve many tasks across a wide range of applications. Those large models typically require training and inference to be distributed. Tensor parallelism is a common technique…

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