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We propose a novel 2-stage sub 8-bit quantization aware training algorithm for all components of a 250K parameter feedforward, streaming, state-free keyword spotting model. For the 1st-stage, we adapt a recently proposed quantization…

Inference for state-of-the-art deep neural networks is computationally expensive, making them difficult to deploy on constrained hardware environments. An efficient way to reduce this complexity is to quantize the weight parameters and/or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Julian Faraone , Nicholas Fraser , Michaela Blott , Philip H. W. Leong

This paper tackles the problem of training a deep convolutional neural network with both low-precision weights and low-bitwidth activations. Optimizing a low-precision network is very challenging since the training process can easily get…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-05 Bohan Zhuang , Chunhua Shen , Mingkui Tan , Lingqiao Liu , Ian Reid

Graph Hypernetworks (GHN) can predict the parameters of varying unseen CNN architectures with surprisingly good accuracy at a fraction of the cost of iterative optimization. Following these successes, preliminary research has explored the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Stone Yun , Alexander Wong

While neural networks have been remarkably successful in a wide array of applications, implementing them in resource-constrained hardware remains an area of intense research. By replacing the weights of a neural network with quantized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Jinjie Zhang , Yixuan Zhou , Rayan Saab

Neural networks have shown great performance in cognitive tasks. When deploying network models on mobile devices with limited resources, weight quantization has been widely adopted. Binary quantization obtains the highest compression but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Hsin-Pai Cheng , Yuanjun Huang , Xuyang Guo , Yifei Huang , Feng Yan , Hai Li , Yiran Chen

Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are now widely used in various computer vision applications, its huge resource demanding on parameter storage and computation makes the deployment on mobile and embedded devices difficult.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Zhe Xu , Ray C. C. Cheung

We introduce a quantization-aware training algorithm that guarantees avoiding numerical overflow when reducing the precision of accumulators during inference. We leverage weight normalization as a means of constraining parameters during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Ian Colbert , Alessandro Pappalardo , Jakoba Petri-Koenig

Recent machine learning methods use increasingly large deep neural networks to achieve state of the art results in various tasks. The gains in performance come at the cost of a substantial increase in computation and storage requirements.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Yoni Choukroun , Eli Kravchik , Fan Yang , Pavel Kisilev

Quantizing the activation, weight, and gradient to 4-bit is promising to accelerate neural network training. However, existing 4-bit training methods require custom numerical formats which are not supported by contemporary hardware. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Haocheng Xi , Changhao Li , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

This paper introduces a post-training quantization~(PTQ) method achieving highly efficient Convolutional Neural Network~ (CNN) quantization with high performance. Previous PTQ methods usually reduce compression error via performing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Chen Lin , Zheyang Li , Bo Peng , Haoji Hu , Wenming Tan , Ye Ren , Shiliang Pu

Deep learning has been recently applied to physical layer processing in digital communication systems in order to improve end-to-end performance. In this work, we introduce a novel deep learning solution for soft bit quantization across…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-20 Marius Arvinte , Jonathan I. Tamir

Network quantization significantly reduces model inference complexity and has been widely used in real-world deployments. However, most existing quantization methods have been developed mainly on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Yang Lin , Tianyu Zhang , Peiqin Sun , Zheng Li , Shuchang Zhou

Quantization is a technique used in deep neural networks (DNNs) to increase execution performance and hardware efficiency. Uniform post-training quantization (PTQ) methods are common, since they can be implemented efficiently in hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Gil Shomron , Freddy Gabbay , Samer Kurzum , Uri Weiser

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is resource intensive. We design a quantization procedure to compress NMT models better for devices with limited hardware capability. Because most neural network parameters are near zero, we employ…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Alham Fikri Aji , Kenneth Heafield

This paper proposes two novel techniques to train deep convolutional neural networks with low bit-width weights and activations. First, to obtain low bit-width weights, most existing methods obtain the quantized weights by performing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Tuan Hoang , Thanh-Toan Do , Tam V. Nguyen , Ngai-Man Cheung

Recent convolutional neural network (CNN) development continues to advance the state-of-the-art model accuracy for various applications. However, the enhanced accuracy comes at the cost of substantial memory bandwidth and storage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Hsu-Hsun Chin , Ren-Song Tsay , Hsin-I Wu

State-of-the-art generic low-precision training algorithms use a mix of 16-bit and 32-bit precision, creating the folklore that 16-bit hardware compute units alone are not enough to maximize model accuracy. As a result, deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Pedram Zamirai , Jian Zhang , Christopher R. Aberger , Christopher De Sa

This paper aims at rapid deployment of the state-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) to energy efficient accelerators without time-consuming fine tuning or the availability of the full datasets. Converting DNNs in full precision to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Jun Haeng Lee , Sangwon Ha , Saerom Choi , Won-Jo Lee , Seungwon Lee

Neural network quantization aims to transform high-precision weights and activations of a given neural network into low-precision weights/activations for reduced memory usage and computation, while preserving the performance of the original…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Geon Park , Jaehong Yoon , Haiyang Zhang , Xing Zhang , Sung Ju Hwang , Yonina C. Eldar