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This paper provides a theoretical analysis of diffraction-limited superresolution, demonstrating that arbitrarily close point sources can be resolved in ideal situations. Precisely, we assume that the incoming signal is a linear combination…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-08-14 Geoffrey Schiebinger , Elina Robeva , Benjamin Recht

Computed tomography (CT) is a widely used non-invasive medical imaging technique for disease diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy is often affected by image resolution, which can be insufficient in practice. For medical CT images, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jiayang Shi , Daniel M. Pelt , K. Joost Batenburg

Recent developments in diffusion models have advanced conditioned image generation, yet they struggle with reconstructing out-of-distribution (OOD) images, such as unseen tumors in medical images, causing "image hallucination" and risking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Seunghoi Kim , Chen Jin , Tom Diethe , Matteo Figini , Henry F. J. Tregidgo , Asher Mullokandov , Philip Teare , Daniel C. Alexander

Extreme sensor sparsity makes full-field reconstruction a fundamentally ill-posed problem in scientific sensing,where the goal is to infer physical fields from sparse measurements.In this regime,the posterior is severely underconstrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Letian Yi , Tingpeng Zhang , Mingyuan Zhou , Guannan Wang , Quanke Su , Zhilu Lai

We introduce Diffusion Active Learning, a novel approach that combines generative diffusion modeling with data-driven sequential experimental design to adaptively acquire data for inverse problems. Although broadly applicable, we focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Luis Barba , Johannes Kirschner , Tomas Aidukas , Manuel Guizar-Sicairos , Benjamín Béjar

In x-ray computed tomography (CT) it is generally acknowledged that reconstruction methods exploiting image sparsity allow reconstruction from a significantly reduced number of projections. The use of such reconstruction methods is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-08-05 Jakob S. Jørgensen , Emil Y. Sidky , Per Christian Hansen , Xiaochuan Pan

The improvement of computed tomography (CT) image resolution is beneficial to the subsequent medical diagnosis, but it is usually limited by the scanning devices and great expense. Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods have…

Medical Physics · Physics 2019-03-26 Chao Tang , Wenkun Zhang , Ziheng Li , Ailong Cai , Linyuan Wang , Lei Li , Ningning Liang , Bin Yan

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is pivotal in corneal imaging for both surgical planning and diagnosis. However, high-speed acquisitions often degrade spatial resolution and increase speckle noise, posing challenges for accurate…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-04 Yaning Wang , Jinglun Yu , Wenhan Guo , Ziyi Huang , Rosalinda Xiong , Yu Sun , Jin U. Kang

To overcome inherent hardware limitations of hyperspectral imaging systems with respect to their spatial resolution, fusion-based hyperspectral image (HSI) super-resolution is attracting increasing attention. This technique aims to fuse a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-25 Xiuheng Wang , Jie Chen , Cédric Richard

As a domain-specific super-resolution problem, facial image hallucination has enjoyed a series of breakthroughs thanks to the advances of deep convolutional neural networks. However, the direct migration of existing methods to video is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Chaowei Fang , Guanbin Li , Xiaoguang Han , Yizhou Yu

In the practical applications of computed tomography imaging, the projection data may be acquired within a limited-angle range and corrupted by noises due to the limitation of scanning conditions. The noisy incomplete projection data…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-02 Qifeng Gao , Rui Ding , Linyuan Wang , Bin Xue , Yuping Duan

Accurate multi-slice reconstruction from limited measurement data is crucial to speed up the acquisition process in medical and scientific imaging. However, it remains challenging due to the ill-posed nature of the problem and the high…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Laurentius Valdy , Richard D. Paul , Alessio Quercia , Zhuo Cao , Xuan Zhao , Hanno Scharr , Arya Bangun

Detection of rare lesions in whole-body CT is fundamentally limited by extreme class imbalance and low target-to-volume ratios, producing precision collapse despite high AUROC. Synthetic augmentation with diffusion models offers promise,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Yifan Li , Mehrdad Salimitari , Taiyu Zhang , Guang Li , David Dreizin

Computed tomography (CT) is important in clinical diagnosis, but acquiring high-resolution (HR) CT is constrained by radiation exposure risks. While deep learning-based super-resolution (SR) methods have shown promise for reconstructing HR…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Jeonghyun Noh , Hyun-Jic Oh , Won-Ki Jeong

Background: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) plays a crucial role in image-guided radiotherapy, but artifacts and noise make them unsuitable for accurate dose calculation. Artificial intelligence methods have shown promise in enhancing…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-05 Shi Yin , Hongqi Tan , Li Ming Chong , Haofeng Liu , Hui Liu , Kang Hao Lee , Jeffrey Kit Loong Tuan , Dean Ho , Yueming Jin

In the task of reference-based image inpainting, an additional reference image is provided to restore a damaged target image to its original state. The advancement of diffusion models, particularly Stable Diffusion, allows for simple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Kuan-Hung Liu , Cheng-Kun Yang , Min-Hung Chen , Yu-Lun Liu , Yen-Yu Lin

In the current paper we consider the Helical Cone Beam CT. This scanning method exposes the patient to large quantities of radiation and results in very large amounts of data being collected and stored. Both these facts are prime motivators…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-11 Tamir Bendory , Arie Feuer

Hallucinations are spurious structures not present in the ground truth, posing a critical challenge in medical image reconstruction, especially for data-driven conditional models. We hypothesize that combining an unconditional diffusion…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 Seunghoi Kim , Henry F. J. Tregidgo , Matteo Figini , Chen Jin , Sarang Joshi , Daniel C. Alexander

Limited-angle computed tomography (LACT) offers improved temporal resolution and reduced radiation dose for cardiac imaging, but suffers from severe artifacts due to truncated projections. To address the ill-posedness of LACT…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Yu Shi , Shuyi Fan , Changsheng Fang , Shuo Han , Haodong Li , Li Zhou , Bahareh Morovati , Dayang Wang , Hengyong Yu

As PET imaging is accompanied by substantial radiation exposure and cancer risk, reducing radiation dose in PET scans is an important topic. Recently, diffusion models have emerged as the new state-of-the-art generative model to generate…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-30 Huidong Xie , Weijie Gan , Bo Zhou , Xiongchao Chen , Qiong Liu , Xueqi Guo , Liang Guo , Hongyu An , Ulugbek S. Kamilov , Ge Wang , Chi Liu