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We investigate improving the retrieval effectiveness of embedding models through the lens of corpus-specific fine-tuning. Prior work has shown that fine-tuning with queries generated using a dataset's retrieval corpus can boost retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Manveer Singh Tamber , Suleman Kazi , Vivek Sourabh , Jimmy Lin

Knowledge distillation extracts general knowledge from a pre-trained teacher network and provides guidance to a target student network. Most studies manually tie intermediate features of the teacher and student, and transfer knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Mingi Ji , Byeongho Heo , Sungrae Park

We tackle the challenging issue of aggressive fine-tuning encountered during the process of transfer learning of pre-trained language models (PLMs) with limited labeled downstream data. This problem primarily results in a decline in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Ibtihel Amara , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models are often difficult to deploy due to significant computational requirements and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Vijay Goyal , Mustafa Khan , Aprameya Tirupati , Harveer Saini , Michael Lam , Kevin Zhu

Knowledge distillation has emerged as an effective strategy for compressing large language models' (LLMs) knowledge into smaller, more efficient student models. However, standard one-shot distillation methods often produce suboptimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Kushal Jain , Piyushi Goyal , Kumar Shridhar

Knowledge distillation can be a cost-effective technique to distill knowledge in Large Language Models, if the teacher output logits can be pre-computed and cached. However, successfully applying this to pre-training remains largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Anshumann , Mohd Abbas Zaidi , Akhil Kedia , Jinwoo Ahn , Taehwak Kwon , Kangwook Lee , Haejun Lee , Joohyung Lee

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked interest in their application to sequential recommendation tasks as they can provide supportive item information. However, due to the inherent complexities of sequential recommendation,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yu Wang , Zhiwei Liu , Jianguo Zhang , Weiran Yao , Shelby Heinecke , Philip S. Yu

Knowledge Distillation (KD) has emerged as a promising approach for transferring knowledge from a larger, more complex teacher model to a smaller student model. Traditionally, KD involves training the student to mimic the teacher's output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Noel Loo , Fotis Iliopoulos , Wei Hu , Erik Vee

Recent analyses question whether reinforcement learning (RL) is responsible for strong reasoning in large language models (LLMs). At the same time, distillation and inference-time sampling, including power sampling, have emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Akiyoshi Tomihari , Issei Sato

Deep metric learning aims to transform input data into an embedding space, where similar samples are close while dissimilar samples are far apart from each other. In practice, samples of new categories arrive incrementally, which requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Gao-Dong Liu , Wan-Lei Zhao , Jie Zhao

Dataset Distillation aims to synthesize compact datasets that can approximate the training efficacy of large-scale real datasets, offering an efficient solution to the increasing computational demands of modern deep learning. Recently,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Chenru Wang , Yunyi Chen , Zijun Yang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Chi Zhang

Dense vector retrieval is the practical backbone of Retrieval- Augmented Generation (RAG), but similarity search can suffer from precision limitations. Conversely, utility-based approaches leveraging LLM re-ranking often achieve superior…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Rajinder Sandhu , Di Mu , Cheng Chang , Md Shahriar Tasjid , Himanshu Rai , Maksims Volkovs , Ga Wu

Converting a pretrained Transformer into a more efficient hybrid model through distillation offers a promising approach to reducing inference costs. However, achieving high-quality generation in distilled models requires careful joint…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Juan Gabriel Kostelec , Xiang Wang , Axel Laborieux , Christos Sourmpis , Qinghai Guo

With the rapid development of deep learning, large language models have shown strong capabilities in complex reasoning tasks such as mathematical equation solving. However, their substantial computational and storage costs hinder practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Fengming Yu , Qingyu Meng , Haiwei Pan , Kejia Zhang

Neural retrievers based on dense representations combined with Approximate Nearest Neighbors search have recently received a lot of attention, owing their success to distillation and/or better sampling of examples for training -- while…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Thibault Formal , Carlos Lassance , Benjamin Piwowarski , Stéphane Clinchant

Diffusion models recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for recommender systems, offering state-of-the-art performance by modeling the generative process of user-item interactions. However, training such models from scratch is both…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yu Hou , Hua Li , Ha Young Kim , Won-Yong Shin

Despite the advanced intelligence abilities of large language models (LLMs) in various applications, they still face significant computational and storage demands. Knowledge Distillation (KD) has emerged as an effective strategy to improve…

On-policy distillation (OPD) leverages dense teacher rewards to enhance reasoning models. However, scaling OPD to long-horizon tasks exposes a critical flaw: as the student's generated prefix inevitably diverges from the teacher's thought…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zhicheng Yang , Zhijiang Guo , Yifan Song , Minrui Xu , Yongxin Wang , Yiwei Wang , Xiaodan Liang , Jing Tang

On-policy self-distillation has become a strong recipe for LLM reasoning, where a privileged teacher supervises the student's own rollouts while conditioning on the reference solution. A design choice shared by nearly all such methods,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zihao Han , Tiangang Zhang , Huaibin Wang , Yilun Sun

Knowledge distillation is a technique used to train a small student network using the output generated by a large teacher network, and has many empirical advantages~\citep{Hinton2015DistillingTK}. While the standard one-shot approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Shivam Gupta , Sushrut Karmalkar