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Related papers: Causal Attribution via Activation Patching

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Humans use abstract concepts for understanding instead of hard features. Recent interpretability research has focused on human-centered concept explanations of neural networks. Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs) estimate a model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Avani Gupta , Saurabh Saini , P J Narayanan

Estimating the Conditional Average Treatment Effect (CATE) is often constrained by the high cost of obtaining outcome measurements, making active learning essential. However, conventional active learning strategies suffer from a fundamental…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-29 Erdun Gao , Jake Fawkes , Dino Sejdinovic

Biomedical image analysis is of paramount importance for the advancement of healthcare and medical research. Although conventional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are frequently employed in this domain, facing limitations in capturing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Gousia Habib , Shaima Qureshi , Malik ishfaq

Assessing the forensic value of hand images involves the use of unique features and patterns present in an individual's hand. The human hand has distinct characteristics, such as the pattern of veins, fingerprints, and the geometry of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Campbell Wilson , Janis Dalins

Current Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods often suffer from sample-inefficiency, resulting from blind exploration strategies that neglect causal relationships among states, actions, and rewards. Although recent causal approaches aim to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Hongye Cao , Fan Feng , Tianpei Yang , Jing Huo , Yang Gao

Neural network visualization techniques mark image locations by their relevancy to the network's classification. Existing methods are effective in highlighting the regions that affect the resulting classification the most. However, as we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Shir Gur , Ameen Ali , Lior Wolf

Vision Transformers (ViTs) face severe computational bottlenecks due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention at high resolutions. Existing token reduction methods rely on local metrics - such as single-layer attention scores - that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jaehyuk Lee , Hanyoung Kim , Yanggee Kim , Donghun Lee

Neural architectures based on attention such as vision transformers are revolutionizing image recognition. Their main benefit is that attention allows reasoning about all parts of a scene jointly. In this paper, we show how the global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Giulio Lovisotto , Nicole Finnie , Mauricio Munoz , Chaithanya Kumar Mummadi , Jan Hendrik Metzen

The recent emerged weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) methods can learn to localize an object in the image only using image-level labels. Previous works endeavor to perceive the interval objects from the small and sparse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Feifei Shao , Yawei Luo , Li Zhang , Lu Ye , Siliang Tang , Yi Yang , Jun Xiao

Causal inference from observational data plays critical role in many applications in trustworthy machine learning. While sound and complete algorithms exist to compute causal effects, many of them assume access to conditional likelihoods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Md Musfiqur Rahman , Matt Jordan , Murat Kocaoglu

Many vision datasets now provide segmentation masks in addition to annotated images to support a wide range of tasks. In this work, we propose Class Activation Map Attention Learning (CAMAL), an efficient and scalable method that utilizes…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Rajdeep Singh Hundal , Yan Xiao , Jin Song Dong , Manuel Rigger

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) in the wild is an extremely challenging task. Recently, some Vision Transformers (ViT) have been explored for FER, but most of them perform inferiorly compared to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Fanglei Xue , Qiangchang Wang , Zichang Tan , Zhongsong Ma , Guodong Guo

As Vision Transformers (ViTs) are increasingly adopted in sensitive vision applications, there is a growing demand for improved interpretability. This has led to efforts to forward-align these models with carefully annotated abstract,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Sanchit Sinha , Guangzhi Xiong , Aidong Zhang

Event cameras report local changes of brightness through an asynchronous stream of output events. Events are spatially sparse at pixel locations with little brightness variation. We propose using a visual transformer (ViT) architecture to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Zuowen Wang , Yuhuang Hu , Shih-Chii Liu

Palmprint recognition is deployed in security-critical applications, including access control and palm-based payment, due to its contactless acquisition and highly discriminative ridge-and-crease textures. However, the robustness of deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Renyang Liu , Jiale Li , Jie Zhang , Cong Wu , Xiaojun Jia , Shuxin Li , Wei Zhou , Kwok-Yan Lam , See-kiong Ng

The trade-off between feature representation power and spatial localization accuracy is crucial for the dense classification/semantic segmentation of aerial images. High-level features extracted from the late layers of a neural network are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Lei Ding , Hao Tang , Lorenzo Bruzzone

In computer vision, Visual Prompting (VP) and Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) have recently emerged as lightweight and effective alternatives to full fine-tuning for adapting large-scale vision models within the "pretrain-then-finetune"…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Xi Xiao , Yunbei Zhang , Lin Zhao , Yiyang Liu , Xiaoying Liao , Zheda Mai , Xingjian Li , Xiao Wang , Hao Xu , Jihun Hamm , Xue Lin , Min Xu , Qifan Wang , Tianyang Wang , Cheng Han

The rapid adoption of transformer-based models in computational pathology has enabled prediction of molecular and clinical biomarkers from H&E whole-slide images, yet interpretability has not kept pace with model complexity. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Marco Gustav , Fabian Wolf , Christina Glasner , Nic G. Reitsam , Stefan Schulz , Kira Aschenbroich , Bruno Märkl , Sebastian Foersch , Jakob Nikolas Kather

Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation (WSSS) with image-level labels typically uses Class Activation Maps (CAM) to achieve dense predictions. Recently, Vision Transformer (ViT) has provided an alternative to generate localization maps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Zhiwei Yang , Yucong Meng , Kexue Fu , Shuo Wang , Zhijian Song

Recent work has explored how individual components of the CLIP-ViT model contribute to the final representation by leveraging the shared image-text representation space of CLIP. These components, such as attention heads and MLPs, have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Sriram Balasubramanian , Samyadeep Basu , Soheil Feizi