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Recent LLM-based Text-to-SQL methods usually suffer from significant performance degradation on "huge" databases and complex user questions that require multi-step reasoning. Moreover, most existing methods neglect the crucial significance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Bing Wang , Changyu Ren , Jian Yang , Xinnian Liang , Jiaqi Bai , LinZheng Chai , Zhao Yan , Qian-Wen Zhang , Di Yin , Xing Sun , Zhoujun Li

The Natural Language Interface to Databases (NLIDB) empowers non-technical users with database access through intuitive natural language (NL) interactions. Advanced approaches, utilizing neural sequence-to-sequence models or large-scale…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yuankai Fan , Zhenying He , Tonghui Ren , Can Huang , Yinan Jing , Kai Zhang , X. Sean Wang

Text-to-SQL enables non-experts to retrieve data from databases by converting natural language queries into SQL. However, state-of-the-art text-to-SQL studies rely on the BIRD dataset, which assumes that evidence is provided along with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Janghyeon Yun , Sang-goo Lee

The conversion of natural language into SQL language for querying databases (Text-to-SQL) has broad application prospects and has attracted widespread attention. At present, the mainstream Text-to-SQL methods are mainly divided into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Lei Sheng , Shuai-Shuai Xu , Wei Xie

Although multi-agent collaborative Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant breakthroughs in the Text-to-SQL task, their performance is still constrained by various factors. These factors include the incompleteness of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Xiangjin Xie , Guangwei Xu , Lingyan Zhao , Ruijie Guo

Text-to-SQL, the process of translating natural language into Structured Query Language (SQL), represents a transformative application of large language models (LLMs), potentially revolutionizing how humans interact with data. This paper…

Text-to-SQLs enables non-expert users to effortlessly retrieve desired information from relational databases using natural language queries. While recent advancements, particularly with Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT and T5, have…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Shouvon Sarker , Xishuang Dong , Xiangfang Li , Lijun Qian

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in translating natural language questions about relational databases into SQL queries. In particular, test-time scaling techniques such as Self-Consistency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Lei Sheng , Shuai-Shuai Xu

Schema linking -- the process of aligning natural language questions with database schema elements -- is a critical yet underexplored component of Text-to-SQL systems. While recent methods have focused primarily on improving SQL generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Md Mahadi Hasan Nahid , Davood Rafiei , Weiwei Zhang , Yong Zhang

To leverage the advantages of LLM in addressing challenges in the Text-to-SQL task, we present XiYan-SQL, an innovative framework effectively generating and utilizing multiple SQL candidates. It consists of three components: 1) a Schema…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yifu Liu , Yin Zhu , Yingqi Gao , Zhiling Luo , Xiaoxia Li , Xiaorong Shi , Yuntao Hong , Jinyang Gao , Yu Li , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

Text-to-SQL, which enables natural language interaction with databases, serves as a pivotal method across diverse industries. With new, more powerful large language models (LLMs) emerging every few months, fine-tuning has become incredibly…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Boyan Li , Jiayi Zhang , Ju Fan , Yanwei Xu , Chong Chen , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Text-to-SQL models can generate a list of candidate SQL queries, and the best query is often in the candidate list, but not at the top of the list. An effective re-rank method can select the right SQL query from the candidate list and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Zhenwen Li , Tao Xie

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced Text-to-SQL, yet existing solutions still fall short of system-level reliability. The limitation is not merely in individual modules -- e.g., schema linking, reasoning, and verification -- but more…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Boyan Li , Chong Chen , Zhujun Xue , Yinan Mei , Yuyu Luo

Generating accurate SQL from users' natural language questions (text-to-SQL) remains a long-standing challenge due to the complexities involved in user question understanding, database schema comprehension, and SQL generation. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zijin Hong , Zheng Yuan , Qinggang Zhang , Hao Chen , Junnan Dong , Feiran Huang , Xiao Huang

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved the performance of text-to-SQL systems. Nevertheless, many state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches have overlooked the critical aspect of system robustness. Our experiments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Geling Liu , Yunzhi Tan , Ruichao Zhong , Yuanzhen Xie , Lingchen Zhao , Qian Wang , Bo Hu , Zang Li

Text-to-SQL translates natural language questions into executable SQL queries, enabling intuitive database access for non-experts. While large language models achieve strong performance on Text-to-SQL with prompting, they still struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhao Tan , Xiping Liu , Qing Shu , Qizhi Wan , Dexi Liu , Changxuan Wan

Large Language Model-based (LLM-based) Text-to-SQL methods have achieved important progress in generating SQL queries for real-world applications. When confronted with table content-aware questions in real-world scenarios, ambiguous data…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Wenbo Xu , Liang Yan , Chuanyi Liu , Peiyi Han , Haifeng Zhu , Yong Xu , Yingwei Liang , Bob Zhang

Text-to-SQL is a fundamental yet challenging task in the NLP area, aiming at translating natural language questions into SQL queries. While recent advances in large language models have greatly improved performance, most existing approaches…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shuozhi Yuan , Limin Chen , Miaomiao Yuan , Zhao Jin

Text-to-SQL generation bridges the gap between natural language and databases, enabling users to query data without requiring SQL expertise. While large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field, challenges remain in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ganesh Parab , Zishan Ahmad , Dagnachew Birru

While Text-to-SQL remains the dominant approach for database interaction, real-world analytics increasingly require the flexibility of general-purpose programming languages such as Python or Pandas to manage file-based data and complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Hangle Hu , Chenyu Hou , Bin Cao , Ruizhe Li