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Related papers: Learning When to Trust in Contextual Bandits

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Large language models frequently encounter conflicts between their parametric knowledge and contextual input, often resulting in factual inconsistencies or hallucinations. We propose Self-Reflective Debate for Contextual Reliability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zeqi Zhou , Fang Wu , Shayan Talaei , Haokai Zhao , Cheng Meixin , Tinson Xu , Amin Saberi , Yejin Choi

We propose a novel setting for learning, where the input domain is the image of a map defined on the product of two sets, one of which completely determines the labels. We derive a new risk bound for this setting that decomposes into a bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Charles Jin , Martin Rinard

We introduce a novel online learning framework that unifies and generalizes pre-established models, such as delayed and corrupted feedback, to encompass adversarial environments where action feedback evolves over time. In this setting, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yogev Bar-On , Yishay Mansour

It is generally believed that robust training of extremely large networks is critical to their success in real-world applications. However, when taken to the extreme, methods that promote robustness can hurt the model's sensitivity to rare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Seungyeon Kim , Daniel Glasner , Srikumar Ramalingam , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Kishore Papineni , Sanjiv Kumar

Context faithfulness is essential for reliable reasoning in context-dependent scenarios. However, large language models often struggle to ground their outputs in the provided context, resulting in irrelevant responses. Inspired by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Jun Bai , Minghao Tong , Yang Liu , Zixia Jia , Zilong Zheng

Large language models exhibit sycophancy, the tendency to shift their stated positions toward perceived user preferences or authority cues regardless of evidence. Standard alignment methods fail to correct this because scalar reward models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Muhammad Ahmed Mohsin , Ahsan Bilal , Muhammad Umer , Emily Fox

While Reinforcement Learning ( RL) has made great strides towards solving increasingly complicated problems, many algorithms are still brittle to even slight environmental changes. Contextual Reinforcement Learning (cRL) provides a…

We study the problem of adversarially robust learning in the transductive setting. For classes $\mathcal{H}$ of bounded VC dimension, we propose a simple transductive learner that when presented with a set of labeled training examples and a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Omar Montasser , Steve Hanneke , Nathan Srebro

Large language model (LLM)-based coding agents increasingly rely on external memory to reuse prior debugging experience, repair traces, and repository-local operational knowledge. However, retrieved memory is useful only when the current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Mehmet Iscan

A fundamental requirement for intelligent systems is the ability to learn continuously under changing environments. However, models trained in this regime often suffer from catastrophic forgetting. Leveraging pre-trained models has recently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Tung Tran , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas , Khoat Than

Reinforcement learning (RL) has produced spectacular results in games, robotics, and continuous control. Yet, despite these successes, learned policies often fail to generalize beyond their training distribution, limiting real-world impact.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 André Biedenkapp

While contextual bandit has a mature theory, effectively leveraging different feedback patterns to enhance the pace of learning remains unclear. Bandits with feedback graphs, which interpolates between the full information and bandit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Mengxiao Zhang , Yuheng Zhang , Olga Vrousgou , Haipeng Luo , Paul Mineiro

Large Language Models (LLMs) often inherit biases from the web data they are trained on, which contains stereotypes and prejudices. Current methods for evaluating and mitigating these biases rely on bias-benchmark datasets. These benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Priyanshul Govil , Hemang Jain , Vamshi Krishna Bonagiri , Aman Chadha , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Manas Gaur , Sanorita Dey

Object-centric representation learning offers the potential to overcome limitations of image-level representations by explicitly parsing image scenes into their constituent components. While image-level representations typically lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Nathan Drenkow , Mathias Unberath

In decision-making problems such as the multi-armed bandit, an agent learns sequentially by optimizing a certain feedback. While the mean reward criterion has been extensively studied, other measures that reflect an aversion to adverse…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-28 Patrick Saux , Odalric-Ambrym Maillard

The linear contextual bandit literature is mostly focused on the design of efficient learning algorithms for a given representation. However, a contextual bandit problem may admit multiple linear representations, each one with different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Matteo Papini , Andrea Tirinzoni , Marcello Restelli , Alessandro Lazaric , Matteo Pirotta

Modern large language models (LLMs) are increasingly fine-tuned via reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) or related reward optimisation schemes. While such procedures improve perceived helpfulness, we investigate whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Subramanyam Sahoo

Textual backdoor attacks are a kind of practical threat to NLP systems. By injecting a backdoor in the training phase, the adversary could control model predictions via predefined triggers. As various attack and defense models have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Ganqu Cui , Lifan Yuan , Bingxiang He , Yangyi Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Robust reinforcement learning is essential for deploying reinforcement learning algorithms in real-world scenarios where environmental uncertainty predominates. Traditional robust reinforcement learning often depends on rectangularity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Adil Zouitine , David Bertoin , Pierre Clavier , Matthieu Geist , Emmanuel Rachelson

Recurrent neural networks have proven effective in modeling sequential user feedbacks for recommender systems. However, they usually focus solely on item relevance and fail to effectively explore diverse items for users, therefore harming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Hao Wang , Yifei Ma , Hao Ding , Yuyang Wang