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Prompting large language models has gained immense popularity in recent years due to the advantage of producing good results even without the need for labelled data. However, this requires prompt tuning to get optimal prompts that lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Jacob-Junqi Tian , David Emerson , Sevil Zanjani Miyandoab , Deval Pandya , Laleh Seyyed-Kalantari , Faiza Khan Khattak

Sensitivity of deep-neural models to input noise is known to be a challenging problem. In NLP, model performance often deteriorates with naturally occurring noise, such as spelling errors. To mitigate this issue, models may leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Jakub Náplava , Martin Popel , Milan Straka , Jana Straková

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced sentiment analysis, yet their inherent uncertainty and variability pose critical challenges to achieving reliable and consistent outcomes. This paper systematically explores the Model…

Prompt engineering has emerged as a powerful technique for guiding large language models (LLMs) toward desired responses, significantly enhancing their performance across diverse tasks. Beyond their role as static predictors, LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Ryumei Nakada , Wenlong Ji , Tianxi Cai , James Zou , Linjun Zhang

Large language models show strong performance on knowledge intensive tasks such as fact-checking and question answering, yet they often struggle with numerical reasoning. We present a systematic evaluation of state-of-the-art models for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Peter Røysland Aarnes , Vinay Setty

The swift advancement in the scales and capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) positions them as promising tools for a variety of downstream tasks. In addition to the pursuit of better performance and the avoidance of violent feedback…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Haoyu Wang , Guozheng Ma , Cong Yu , Ning Gui , Linrui Zhang , Zhiqi Huang , Suwei Ma , Yongzhe Chang , Sen Zhang , Li Shen , Xueqian Wang , Peilin Zhao , Dacheng Tao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used as perceptual modules for visual content reasoning, including through captioning and DeepFake detection. In this work, we expose a critical vulnerability of VLMs when exposed to subtle,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Yansong Gao , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

Robust, faithful and harm-free pronoun use for individuals is an important goal for language model development as their use increases, but prior work tends to study only one or two of these characteristics at a time. To measure progress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Vagrant Gautam , Eileen Bingert , Dawei Zhu , Anne Lauscher , Dietrich Klakow

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for aligning large language models (LLMs) knowledge with sequential decision-making tasks. However, few studies have thoroughly investigated the impact on LLM agents capabilities of…

We propose an aspect-guided, multi-level perturbation framework to evaluate the robustness of Large Language Models (LLMs) in automated peer review. Our framework explores perturbations in three key components of the peer review…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jiatao Li , Yanheng Li , Xinyu Hu , Mingqi Gao , Xiaojun Wan

As language models (LMs) become capable of handling a wide range of tasks, their evaluation is becoming as challenging as their development. Most generation benchmarks currently assess LMs using abstract evaluation criteria like helpfulness…

The large language models have achieved superior performance on various natural language tasks. One major drawback of such approaches is they are resource-intensive in fine-tuning new datasets. Soft-prompt tuning presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Guoxin Chen , Yiming Qian , Bowen Wang , Liangzhi Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate natural-language explanations in recommender systems, acting as explanation agents that reason over user behavior histories. While prior work has focused on explanation fluency…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Guilin Zhang , Kai Zhao , Jeffrey Friedman , Xu Chu

There has been extensive research on assessing the value orientation of Large Language Models (LLMs) as it can shape user experiences across demographic groups. However, several challenges remain. First, while the Multiple Choice Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Siqi Shen , Mehar Singh , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , Honglak Lee , Rada Mihalcea

Real-world settings where language models (LMs) are deployed -- in domains spanning healthcare, finance, and other forms of knowledge work -- require models to grapple with incomplete information and reason under uncertainty. Yet most LM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Alana Renda , Jillian Ross , Michael Cafarella , Jacob Andreas

It is increasingly important to evaluate how text generation systems based on large language models (LLMs) behave, such as their tendency to produce harmful output or their sensitivity to adversarial inputs. Such evaluations often rely on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Rachel Longjohn , Shang Wu , Saatvik Kher , Catarina Belém , Padhraic Smyth

Advanced LLMs have achieved near-ceiling instruction-following accuracy on benchmarks such as IFEval. However, these impressive scores do not necessarily translate to reliable services in real-world use, where users often vary their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jianshuo Dong , Yutong Zhang , Yan Liu , Zhenyu Zhong , Tao Wei , Chao Zhang , Han Qiu

Despite significant research effort in the development of automatic dialogue evaluation metrics, little thought is given to evaluating dialogues other than in English. At the same time, ensuring metrics are invariant to semantically similar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-11 John Mendonça , Patrícia Pereira , Helena Moniz , João Paulo Carvalho , Alon Lavie , Isabel Trancoso

This study investigates the behaviors of Large Language Models (LLMs) when faced with conflicting prompts versus their internal memory. This will not only help to understand LLMs' decision mechanism but also benefit real-world applications,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Jiahao Ying , Yixin Cao , Kai Xiong , Yidong He , Long Cui , Yongbin Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive potential to simulate human behavior. We identify a fundamental challenge in using them to simulate experiments: when LLM-simulated subjects are blind to the experimental design (as is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 George Gui , Olivier Toubia